煤矿井下随钻测斜仪误差联合校正方法

为降低煤矿井下随钻测斜仪随钻测量钻孔姿态角参数的误差,建立基于递推最小二乘的误差补偿数学模型,采用椭球拟合法、点积不变法和旋转平面拟合法的联合校正方法对随钻测斜仪进行误差补偿校正。对研发的随钻测斜仪进行数值仿真和双轴转台实验,用联合校正方法对实验数据进行误差补偿校正,校正前俯仰角和方位角的最大绝对误差分别为4.7°和5.1°,校正后为0.8°和0.9°,校正后测量精度满足随钻测斜仪要求。实验结果表明,该方法可以对煤矿井下随钻测斜仪进行有效的误差补偿校正。     

Inorganic species in geologic fluids: correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and hydroxide complexes

Correlations among experimentally determined standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of inorganic aqueous species at 25 degrees C and 1 bar allow estimates of these properties for numerous monatomic cations and anions, polyatomic anions, oxyanions, acid oxyanions, neutral oxy-acid species, dissolved gases, and hydroxide complexes of metal cations. Combined with correlations among parameters in the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) equation of state (Shock et al., 1992), these estimates permit predictions of standard partial molal volumes, heat capacities, and entropies, as well as apparent standard partial molal enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of formation to 1000 degrees C and 5 kb for hundreds of inorganic aqueous species of interest in geochemistry. Data and parameters for more than 300 inorganic aqueous species are presented. Close agreement between calculated and experimentally determined equilibrium constants for acid dissociation reactions and cation hydrolysis reactions supports the generality and validity of these predictive methods. These data facilitate the calculation of the speciation of major, minor, and trace elements in hydrothermal and metamorphic fluids throughout most of the crust of the Earth.     

蔚县草沟堡区下花园组的发现及找煤前景

草沟堡区位于河北省蔚县南山腹地,与蔚县煤田同处于Ⅳ级构造单元——蔚县复向斜内,该区广泛分布下花园组之上覆地层九龙山组、张家口组,并表现为向斜构造,基底为奥陶系和寒武系灰岩.近期在草沟堡区外围李家堡发现了含煤地层中一下侏罗统下花园组露头,推测在草沟堡向斜中部也有下花园组赋存,是有希望的找煤区.     

Chemo- and Biostratigraphy of the Jurassic Oil Shales from the Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet, China: A Case Study of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event

The marine oil shales of the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet, exposed in the Biluo Co, Tuonamu, Shenglihe and Changsheshan areas are believed to be important petroleum source rocks. This work comprehensively analyzed the carbon isotopes, trace elements, and calcareous nannofosills, ammonites and bivalves of the Biluo Co section in the Qiangtang Basin. The organic carbon isotopes show a positive excursion close to 2.17‰(relative to PDB), which, albeit significantly smaller, may also be associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events(T-OAE) in the European epicontinental seas and the Tethyan continental margins. Coinciding with the Early Toarcian transgression, the oxygen deficiency in bottom water had led to dysoxic-anoxic conditions and deposition of black shales lacking benthic fauna. Under such condition, the redox-sensitive trace metals such as Mo, V, Ni, Cr, and U were enriched, in conjunction with high planktonic productivity of Watznaueriaceae calcareous nannofossils. Comparison of the results with the records of chemo-and biostratigraphy, as well as the palaeogeography during the Early Jurassic suggests that the anoxia linked to the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event was mainly caused by the high surface water temperature, sea-level rise and an increase of surface water productivity.     

1992年加利福尼亚兰德斯前震序列和地震成核的应用

１９９２年６月２８日的加利福尼亚兰德斯地震（ＭＷ＝７．３）是在至少２８个地震组成的前震序列之后７小时发生的。在本研究中我们利用附近台站记录的波形互相关所得到的高精度定位检验了前震的时空发展过程。利用阵列波形而不是单独波形来得到每个地震的走时记录,我们能很大地改进计时精度和甚至对突然出现的地震也能出走时记录,我们利用改善了走时完成了联合重新定位并降低了相对定位误差,水平方向的误差小于１００ｍ,垂直方     

Electrokinetic migration of permanganate through low-permeability media

This research was conducted to evaluate the combination of electromigration and potassium permanganate as a potential remediation method for low-permeability media (e.g., soil and sediment) contaminated with dissolved and sorbed organic contaminants. The experimental procedure was composed of two stages: determination of migration rates of permanganate through homogeneous cores and a primarily qualitative analysis of migration in more heterogeneous, two-dimensional scenarios. Results indicated that transport of permanganate through fine-grained porous media and clays can be undertaken using electromigration, and electromigration rates were found to be at least 400% faster than diffusion alone. In addition, the use of an applied electric field in a flushing scenario was shown to result in almost 100% sweep efficiency of a domain consisting of clay blocks interspersed in a glass bead medium. The results of the study show that there is potential for this method to be able to deliver permanganate and other potential remedial agents to treat contaminated zones within heterogeneous and low-permeability porous media through in situ chemical oxidation or other processes.     

The use of the deposit-refund framework in port reception facilities charging systems

The European Union set in place Directive 2000/59/EC with the aim of substantially reducing discharges of ship-generated waste into the sea by improving the availability and use of port reception facilities. According to the Directive, port administrations shall ensure that the cost recovery system must aim to discourage ships from discharging their waste into the sea, while simultaneously placing the burden of costs on ships, in line with the "polluter pays principle". The present paper examines the extent to which the deposit-refund framework could be used in charging systems of port reception facilities. This has been realized through a case study involving a Greek port. Specifically, the charging system proposed here seems to approach quite close to the primary target, i.e. to a charging system that motivates ships to act more environmentally responsible manner regarding their waste, without significantly affecting their total cost nor the competitiveness of the port.