The Greenhouse Climate Records from Organic Carbon Isotope Excursions During the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Sediments in the Shuanghu Area,Qianghai-Tibetan Plateau

正Objective The organic-matter-rich oil shales outcropped at the Biluo Co area of the Qiangtang Basin in Tibet are of the Toarcian(Early Jurassic) based on the ammonite fauna(Yi et al., 2003). We first proposed its sedimentary age to be the Early Toarcian and correlated with the Posidonia shales and the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event(TOAE)(Chen et al., 2005). The carbon isotopes excursions     

Effects of shoreline discharge of iron mine tailings on a marine soft-bottom community in northern Chile

This study evaluates the magnitude and extension of the impact produced by the discharge of inert allochthonous materials, including clays and particulate iron, on macrobenthic soft-bottom assemblages in the subtidal zone of a coastal bay in north-central Chile. An average of 118 Ton h(-1) of finely divided solids were discharged into the rocky intertidal zone of the bay for a period of over 16 years, producing continuous turbidity in the water column and sedimentation in the subtidal zone. Data obtained four months before cessation of the discharge showed that the macrofauna present at 20 and 50 m depth in the bay suffered an important decrease in abundance and species richness, low diversity/high dominance, and deep changes in community structure related to the discharge. The faunal assemblages present at 110 m depth did not show effects from the discharge, suggesting that the impact was limited to the inner part of the bay. The impoverished faunal aggregates at 20 and 50 m depth showed exclusive domination by the Lumbrineris bifilaris (polychaete)-Diastylis tongoyensis (cumacean) association, representing a simple trophic guild of deposit feeders. The complete absence of opportunistic species such as capitellid, spionid, and/or cirratulid polychaetes may be associated with the turbidity and sedimentation levels in the bay.     

宣东矿区下花园组岩矿、煤岩及孢粉组合特征

河北宣东矿区含煤地层为中侏罗统下花园组,含有5个煤组,煤层多,标志层不发育,煤层对比较为困难。钻孔岩、煤心样品的岩矿、煤岩鉴定和孢粉分析等成果资料揭示:①长石砂岩主要赋存于Ⅲ煤组岩段及其以上地层,Ⅴ煤组岩段分布极少;安山岩屑砂岩集中分布在Ⅴ煤组顶底板附近,Ⅲ煤组岩段及其以上岩段未见;泥化安山岩屑砂岩仅分布在Ⅴ煤组岩段的下部;石英砂岩分布在Ⅴ煤组岩段底部与煤系基底地层接触处;鲕状粘土岩仅分布于Ⅴ煤组岩段下部,并常为煤组底板。②Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ煤组显微煤岩类型以微镜煤、微亮煤为主;Ⅳ、Ⅴ煤组多为角质微亮煤、微亮暗煤及丝炭微暗煤。③Ⅰ、Ⅱ煤组的裸子植物花粉含量丰富,占孢粉总数的40%～60%;Ⅲ煤组低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ煤组;Ⅴ煤组除克拉梭粉及苏铁粉含量占15%左右外,其它松科花粉少见。该结论可作为矿区岩、煤组(层)划分和对比的依据,对指导煤矿开采生产和邻区的勘查工作具有实际意义。     

Oxygen Absorption in Cooling Flows

The inhomogeneous cooling flow scenario predicts the existence of large quantities of gas in massive elliptical galaxies, groups, and clusters that have cooled and dropped out of the flow. Using spatially resolved, deprojected X-ray spectra from the ROSAT PSPC, we have detected strong absorption over energies approximately 0.4-0.8 keV intrinsic to the central approximately 1&arcmin; of the galaxy NGC 1399, the group NGC 5044, and the cluster A1795. These systems have among the largest nearby cooling flows in their respective classes and low Galactic columns. Since no excess absorption is indicated for energies below approximately 0.4 keV, the most reasonable model for the absorber is warm, collisionally ionized gas with T=105-106 K in which ionized states of oxygen provide most of the absorption. Attributing the absorption only to ionized gas reconciles the large columns of cold H and He inferred from Einstein and ASCA with the lack of such columns inferred from ROSAT and also is consistent with the negligible atomic and molecular H inferred from H i and CO observations of cooling flows. The prediction of warm ionized gas as the product of mass dropout in these and other cooling flows can be verified by Chandra and X-Ray Multimirror Mission.     

The Discovery of a Second Field Methane Brown Dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data

We report the discovery of a second field methane brown dwarf from the commissioning data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The object, SDSS J134646.45-003150.4 (hereafter SDSS 1346-00), was selected because of its very red color and stellar appearance. Its spectrum between 0.8 and 2.5 μm is dominated by strong absorption bands of H2O and CH4 and closely mimics those of Gliese 229B and SDSS 162414.37+002915.6 (hereafter SDSS 1624+00), two other known methane brown dwarfs. SDSS 1346-00 is approximately 1.5 mag fainter than Gliese 229B, suggesting that it lies about 11 pc from the Sun. The ratio of flux at 2.1 μm to that at 1.27 μm is larger for SDSS 1346-00 than for Gliese 229B and SDSS 1624+00, which suggests that SDSS 1346-00 has a slightly higher effective temperature than the others. Based on a search area of 130 deg2 and a detection limit of z*=19.8, we estimate a space density of 0.05 pc-3 for methane brown dwarfs with Teff approximately 1000 K in the 40 pc3 volume of our search. This estimate is based on small-sample statistics and should be treated with appropriate caution.