云南昆阳、海口磷矿的富集机理

本文阐明滇东早寒武世昆阳、海口磷矿沉积于牛首山古陆及滇中古陆之间的海湾泻湖环境,有利于两侧的深海槽盆洋流上升,可以将分散磷质不断带到浅水海湾之中;具有高本底值磷质的古陆,由于迳流也提供一定的磷质;由于磷质及其它生命元素源源不断供给,使得温暖、浅水海湾的菌、藻生物大量繁殖,有效地固定了海水中分散的磷质并沉聚于海湾底部沉积物中。昆阳磷矿与海口磷矿之间近东西向水下隆起的存在,从搅动的浅水产生磷质沉积物的簸选,导致较粗的颗粒磷块岩的富集。经过早期成岩阶段的酶、菌作用,使孔隙水中磷质聚集形成胶结物,进一步使颗粒磷块岩品位更富。     

Geographical pattern analysis of income migration in the United States

"How one conceptualises the impacts of migration depends on whether one takes the viewpoint of aggregate area-level income change, of per capita change, or of longer-term (future earnings) change. Several empirical analytical measures are proposed in order to conceptualise the various income impacts of migration.... [A] decomposition procedure is developed for examining how the changes in per capita income of states reflect three different income differentials: those between (a) in-migrants and 'stayers', (b) out-migrants and 'stayers', and (c) in-migrants and out-migrants. Examination of these measures, and of typologies based on them, highlights how income migration significantly and differentially impacts upon U.S. states. The methods are illustrated here in the context of an important new American data source: the 1993-94 migrant income data released by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service."     

黔中陡山陀组磷块岩成因的系统研究

黔中成磷区是上扬子陡山沱组磷块岩矿床的重要组成部分,内有开阳、翁福两个大型磷块岩矿床和若干中小型矿床。作者以前人的研究成果为起点,从磷的来源、磷的沉积和磷的富集三个方面揭示了研究区磷块岩的成因。稀土元素分析结果表明,磷的初始来源可能主要     

Acquisition and processing of data for isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometry

Methods are described for continuous monitoring of signals required for precise analyses of 13C, 18O, and 15N in gas streams containing varying quantities of CO2 and N2. The quantitative resolution (i.e. maximum performance in the absence of random errors) of these methods is adequate for determination of isotope ratios with an uncertainty of one part in 10(5); the precision actually obtained is often better than one part in 10(4). This report describes data-processing operations including definition of beginning and ending points of chromatographic peaks and quantitation of background levels, allowance for effects of chromatographic separation of isotopically substituted species, integration of signals related to specific masses, correction for effects of mass discrimination, recognition of drifts in mass spectrometer performance, and calculation of isotopic delta values. Characteristics of a system allowing off-line revision of parameters used in data reduction are described and an algorithm for identification of background levels in complex chromatograms is outlined. Effects of imperfect chromatographic resolution are demonstrated and discussed and an approach to deconvolution of signals from coeluting substances described.     

边坡治理中的植物固坡法

植物固坡法是近年来国际上越来越流行的一种边坡治理方法。本文阐述了植物固坡法的基本原理和作用机理，介绍了当前国内外植物固坡工程的一般施工流程，对镇江市的边坡治理提出了建议，最后对植物固坡法的应用前景作了分析。     

Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries

The estuaries of Tampa Bay, Sarasota Bay, Lemon Bay, and Upper Charlotte Harbor are contiguous waterbodies located within the subtropical environment of Southwest Florida. Based on an examination of rainfall data over the period of record (1916-2001) within the watersheds of these estuaries, there is no evidence for spatial differences (at the watershed level) or monotonic trends in annual rainfall. During the 1980s, nitrogen loads into Tampa Bay and Sarasota Bay (generated primarily by domestic wastewater treatment facilities) were reduced by 57% and 46%, respectively. In response, both Tampa Bay and Sarasota Bay have lower phytoplankton concentrations, greater water clarity and more extensive seagrass coverage in 2002 than in the early 1980s. As there is no evidence of a concurrent trend in rainfall during the period of 1982-2001, it is unlikely that variation in rainfall can account for the observed increase in seagrass coverage in these two bays. In contrast, seagrass coverage has remained relatively constant since the mid 1980s in Lemon Bay and Charlotte Harbor. Domestic wastewater treatment facilities are minor sources of nitrogen to Lemon Bay, and water clarity in Charlotte Harbor varies mostly as a function of dissolved organic matter and non-chlorophyll associated turbidity, not phytoplankton levels. Even in estuaries that share boundaries and are within 100 km of each other, varied responses to anthropogenic changes and natural phenomena were observed in water quality and associated seagrass extent. Resource management strategies must take into account system-specific factors-not all strategies will result in similar results in different systems.