The skin friction in the unsteady free-convection flow past an accelerated plate

In this paper the unsteady laminar free-convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid, past an accelerated infinite vertical porous plate subjected to a constant suction (or injection) in considered. Numerical results for the skin-friction on the plate are obtained for the class of accelerated motions whose velocity is of the formU ₀ t ⁿ wheret is time,U ₀ a constant, andn is a positive integer. The skin friction tends to zero with increasingt when the Grashof number Gr=², the Prandtl number =1,n=0, and >0 which corresponds to suction.On leave of absence from the Department of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.On leave from absence from the Department of Mathematics, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.     

Reference models of sunspot chromospheres

Recent observational and theoretical studies of the structure of umbral chromosphres have led us to propose new models of the region. We combine space and ground based determinations of the densitytemperature structure of the transition region with existing Caii H, K, and IR triplet spectral data to establish relatively high density, gradient models of the sunspot chromosphere.Avrett in 1981 presented theSunspot Sunspot Model which can be characterized as a physically extended, low density, plateau model. However, in a similar study, the authors (Beebeet al., 1982) pointed out that the relatively high transition region pressures derived from space observations indeed are required to reproduce high resolution Caii spectral features. Studies of the umbral chromosphere as a resonant cavity for slow-mode magneto-acoustic waves producing umbral oscillations (Zhugzhdaet al., 1984) also lead to atmospheres of relatively small physical thickness, thus higher densities.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.     

The sources of large-scale heliospheric disturbances

Observations on a grid of 900 radio sources have been used to map and to track large-scale structures in the solar wind at distances of 0.6–1.5 AU from the Sun. Most of the disturbances were shells of enhanced density followed by high-speed streams lasting for several days, although more stable corotating interaction regions were also observed. Ninety-six disturbances were mapped during August 1978–September 1979 and those of the erupting stream-type were usually accompanied by shocks and geomagnetic activity if they encountered the Earth. Back-projection to the Sun indicated sources that were always associated with coronal holes. Possible associations with solar flares and disappearing filaments occurred but on many occasions no flare or filament activity was evident anywhere on the disc within a suitable time interval. It is concluded that erupting streams are transients generated by coronal hole activity. Evidence is presented which further suggests that coronal mass ejections of the curved-front variety may be identified with these erupting streams.     

The production of light elements in unconventional cosmologies with VMOs

The abundances of light elements (deuterium, helium and lithium) are calculated in unconventional cosmologies in which these elements are produced by interaction of fast -particles ejected by massive pregalactic stars with a purely hydrogenous cosmological substrate. The number density and energetics of such stars needed for suitable production of light elements are estimated. It is shown that the models always lead to overproduction of lithium. The intensity of ultraviolet, X-ray, and -ray emission caused by explosions of pregalactic massive stars is calculated. The distortions of cosmic background radiation by Compton losses of electrons heated by explosive stars are also calculated.     

Premature mortality in the Republic of Ireland

Regional variations in the incidence of premature deaths between 1971 and 1981 arc examined by mapping standardised mortality ratios for deaths under the age of 65. Premature mortality is also examined with regards to the number of years of normal life lost by those who die prematurely, using a specially defined unfulfilled life index. Unfulfilled life and premature deaths arc found to have a higher incidence in the major urban areas and a lower incidence in western counties, although there are some interesting differences in their spatial distributions. Differences with regard to sex. age at death and cause of death are also examined.     

The magnetic and thermodynamical structure of a coronal hole

A nonpolytropic model of a polar coronal hole at 2 R R 5 R is constructed. Our main assumptions are: (1) the magnetic structure of the Sun can be described by a combination of dipole-like and radial fields; (2) in the magnetically dominated region [(v ²/2) < (B ²/8)] the influence of the outflow on the magnetic structure is negligible. The magnetic and thermodynamic structures are obtained by solving the force balance equation for plasma with the observationally derived electron density. Profiles of velocities in the acceleration regime are presented and the influence of the outflow on the thermodynamic structure of the solar corona above the polar region is discussed.This paper is the first part of a joint project of the Space Environment Laboratory, the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, and the High Altitude Observatory, NCAR. The second paper by Munro and Tzur is in preparation.Work done while at the Space Environment Laboratory, NOAA, ERL, Boulder, CO 80303, U.S.A.1982–83 Visiting Fellow at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, National Bureau of Standards and University of Colorado.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Visitor at NCAR.     

The solar O i λ 7773 triplet

Profiles of the O i 7773 triplet obtained at a spatial resolution 0.5 are analyzed using spectral line inversion techniques. Inferences are made about departures from LTE, convective velocity fields, and solar temperature fluctuations.     

An UV survey of the galactic plane

The present paper is the introduction to a systematic analysis of 123 6-degree fields near the galactic plane, recorded in the medium ultraviolet (2000 Å) by the ballon-borne experiment SCAP 2000 of the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale, Marseille, and Geneva Observatory. The available data are presented and the general properties of the images are briefly discussed.It is shown that the high selectivity of the UV passband regarding spectral type, together with the strong interstellar extinction at that wavelength, provide the necessary conditions for an efficient application of Wolf's method to study the distribution of interstellar matter in the solar neighbourhood. The results of a fast analysis of the available data are presented here.     

B,V surface photometry of the UV continuum galaxy NGC 838

Surface photometry of the UV continuum galaxy NGC 838 has been carried out in theB, V system using photographic plates obtained with the 74 Kottamia telescope, Egypt. Isophotes, luminosity profiles, integrated photographic magnitudes, effective diameters and other photometric parameters are derived.The photoelectrically calibrated total apparent magnitudes areB _T =13.57 with maximum diameters 1.57×1.34 (at threshold _m =27.7 mag.//) andV _T =12.91 with maximum diameters 1.54×1.32 (at threshold _m =27.7 mag./). The integrated colour index(B–V) _T =0.66 and the effective surface brightness _e (B=19.0 mag./) and _e (V=19.7 mag./. The major axis is at position angle =85°±1°.The nucleus of NGC 838 is quite blue (integrated colour(B–V)=0.41 forr ^*<0.1) compared to normal galaxies while the colour becomes redder from the nucleus outwards. The UV excess, H emission and radio continuum emission previously observed from this galaxy by other investigators may be attributed to a recent burst of star formation in the nucleus of the galaxy of duration slightly greater than 2×10⁷ yr.     

Analysis of a white-light flare spectrum

The continuum emission of an X₁ flare on 26 March, 1970 observed close to the solar limb (N 05 E 64) was analyzed by a photometric determination of the contrast I()/I ₀() in the wavelength range 3558–5920 Å. Two possible mechanisms for the emission were investigated, namely hydrogen Paschen and H^– continua. We show the unlikeness of the Paschen possibility and derive strong constraints on the temperature structure and energy deposition mechanism imposed by the H^– continuum process.We conclude that the emission must have originated in deep atmospheric layers. The relevance of this result with respect to flare energy release and transport processes is also discussed.