渭河流域沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄物源示踪

渭河盆地是秦岭山前新生代陆内断陷盆地,接受大量秦岭造山带的沉积。建立渭河盆地沉积物物源示踪体系,对了解渭河盆地和秦岭的盆山耦合关系及其周缘构造-沉积演化均具有重要的意义。对渭河流域干流及主要支流沉积物进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测试。结果表明:渭河干流沉积物碎屑锆石主要呈现五组年龄区间,分别为100~300、300~500、700~1000、1700~2000和2100~2500 Ma,其中以100~300 Ma和300~500 Ma的锆石为主,判别渭河干流沉积物主要来自北秦岭造山带。渭河上游与中下游沉积物在1700~2000 Ma和2100~2500 Ma的年龄组成存在差异,主要与上游出露的元古代岩体相关。渭河支流沉积物碎屑锆石年龄分布存在显著差异。泾河和洛河流经黄土高原,沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与黄土高原相似,主要表现为200~300、400~500、800~1100、1800~2000和2400~2550 Ma五组年龄;灞河沉积物继承了北秦岭造山带的特征。通过对渭河流域沉积物的物源分析可知:泾河对渭河干流沉积物贡献较大,灞河对渭河干流沉积物贡献较小,洛河对渭河干流沉积物有一定贡献。渭河汇入黄河前后,黄河沉积物碎屑锆石年龄峰分布及各年龄区间锆石含量比例有明显变化,反映渭河对黄河沉积物有较大影响。     

祁连山地区当地居民对雪豹(Panthera uncia)野生猎物物种的态度及其影响因素（英文）

作为全球生态环境保护问题之一的人兽冲突(HWC)正受到越来越多的关注。了解人兽冲突产生的原因对于预防和缓解人兽冲突十分重要。在中国的许多地区,大量的人口和当地的经济发展加剧了当地居民与捕食动物以及猎物之间的冲突。本研究通过对甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区内8个村庄46户当地牧民的访谈,调查评估了祁连山地区当地居民对岩羊(Pseudaois nayaur,Hodgson,1833)、白唇鹿(Carvus albirostris,Przewalski,1883)、马鹿(Cervus elaphus,Linnaeus,1758)和喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana Hodgson,1841)的态度。我们调查了当地基于草原畜牧业的三种生态修复政策(禁牧、可持续放牧和种草)对当地居民的影响,研究了这些政策对当地居民对野生动物态度产生的影响。结果表明,整体上当地牧民对野生动物持中性态度,但对岩羊表现出消极态度。混合效应线性模型的结果表明,不同村庄的牧民对特定物种的态度不同,社会经济因素不能很好地解释这一结果。此外,我们发现,尽管有时当地居民对一些政策的实施持消极看法,禁牧和其它政策的实施和当地牧民对野生动物的积极态度依然呈正相关。这一发现表明,我们通常认识的威胁野生动物生存的因素与实际的威胁因素之间存在潜在偏差。同时,我们发现当地居民报道的家畜死亡主要是可预防性疾病造成的,因此,对当地流行性疫源疫病的防控可能会对当地居民的野生动物态度产生积极影响。     

Line-source multi-tracer test for assessing high groundwater velocity

Segmented line-source multi-tracer injection is suggested as an effective method for assessing groundwater velocities and flow directions in subsurfaces characterized by high water flux. Modifying the common techniques of injecting a tracer into a well became necessary after point-source natural and forced gradient tracer tests ended with no reliable information on the local groundwater flow. The tracer's line-source increases the likelihood of success of the test and could provide additional information regarding the lateral heterogeneity of the aquifer. In a field experiment conducted in the northwestern part on the Dead Sea coast, tracers were injected into an 8-m-long line injection system perpendicular to the assumed flow direction. The injection system was divided into four separate segments with four different tracers. An array of five boreholes located within a 10 × 10 m area downstream was used for monitoring the tracers' transport. Two dye tracers (uranine and Na naphthionate) were injected in a long pulse of several hours into two of the injection pipe segments. Two other tracers (Rhenium oxide and Gd-DTPA) were instantaneously injected into the other two segments. The tracers were detected 0.7 to 2.3 h after injection in four of the five observation wells, located 2.3 to 10 m away from the injection system. The groundwater velocity was determined to be ～80 to 170 m/d, based on the recoveries of the tracers. The groundwater flow direction was derived based on the arrival of the tracers and was found to be quite consistent with the apparent direction of the hydraulic gradient.     

对J C Savage关于“沿圣安德烈斯断层蠕变部分的无震滑动和垂直断层应变”所作评论的回复

太平洋板块与希拉内华达大峡谷微板块间的相对运动大多数是通过沿圣安德烈斯断层的走向滑动来调整的。在圣安德烈斯断层中部（CSAF）,沿走向的滑动近于以无震断层蠕变的形式发生（Thatcher,1979;Titus等,2006;Rolandone等,2008;Ryder and Burgmann,2008）。     

断裂带地下水位的降雨动态模型及异常识别

穿越断裂带的观测井能够提供特殊的构造运动信息,其水位动态是构造活动、降雨等各种因素综合作用的结果.对由降雨引起的水位动态进行模型解译,有利于更加准确地提取断裂带的构造活动异常.根据断裂带地下水循环的基本特征进行简化,利用响应函数法描述入渗补给的滞后特征,建立了降雨-水位动态的组合水箱模型.该模型被用于分析北京八宝山断裂带大灰厂观测孔2008年上半年的水位动态,发现2008年5月存在显著的异常.这种异常可能与局部或区域的构造活动有关,也可能是断裂带结构参数变化的结果.     

Fate and tidal transport of butyltin and mercury compounds in the waters of the tropical Bach Dang Estuary (Haiphong, Vietnam)

In this work, two field campaigns were performed in July 2008 (wet season) and March 2009 (dry season) to produce original data on the concentration, partition and distribution of mercury and butyltin compounds along the tropical Bach Dang Estuary located in North Vietnam (Haiphong, Red River Delta). The results demonstrate that mercury and butyltin speciation in the surface waters of this type of tropical estuary is greatly affected by the drastic changes in the seasonal conditions. During high river discharge in the wet season, there was a large estuarine input of total Hg and tributyltin, while the longer residence time of the waters during the dry season promotes increasing MMHg formation and TBT degradation. Although most of the Hg and TBT is transported into the estuary from upstream sources, tidal cycle measurements demonstrate that this estuary is a significant source of TBT and MMHg during the wet (～3kgTBT/day) and dry (～3gMMHg/day) seasons.     

Heavy metals contamination levels at the Coast of Aliağa (Turkey) ship recycling zone

Alia?a Bay is one of the most important maritime zones of Turkey where shipping activity, shipbreaking industry, steel works and petrochemical complexes exist together. Concentrations of heavy metals and organic carbon in sediment of the Alia?a Bay were investigated to evaluate an environmental risk assessment from metals contamination in 2009-2010. Comparison of the metal concentrations with average shale and Mediterranean background levels revealed that most of the samples from the Alia?a were polluted with Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni. It was found that Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni levels in Alia?a Bay exceeded the PEL values. Sediments, contaminated with Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni were considered as heavily polluted per the SQG.     

The use of dinoflagellate cysts to separate human-induced from natural variability in the trophic state of the Po River discharge plume over the last two centuries

To obtain insight into the natural and/or human-induced changes in the trophic state of the distal portion of the Po River discharge plume over the last two centuries, high temporal resolution dinoflagellate cyst records were established at three sites. Cyst production rates appear to reflect the natural variability in the river's discharge, whereas cyst associations reflect the trophic state of the upper waters, which in turn can be related to agricultural development. The increased abundances of Lingulodinium machaerophorum and Stelladinium stellatum found as early as 1890 and 1920 correspond to the beginning of the industrial revolution in Italy and the first chemical production and dispersion of ammonia throughout Europe. After 1955, the increased abundances of these species and of Polykrikos schwartzii, Brigantedinium spp. and Pentapharsodinium dalei correspond to agriculturally induced alterations of the hypertrophic conditions. A slight improvement in water quality can be observed from 1987 onward.     

对24种大气成分的热红外天底观测

热红外天底探测仪是观测诸如水汽、二氧化碳和臭氧等大气组分总柱含量或垂直剖面的理想仪器。低于5cm-1光谱分辨率的高分辨率探测仪能够分辨痕量气体细微的光谱特征。在第一台高光谱探测仪IRIS出现的40年后,现在几款改进了仪器特性的仪器已经在轨运行。本文评述了应用热红外天底探测仪观测痕量气体,重点在于红外大气探测干涉仪(IASI)的新近观测。文章介绍了14种非常活泼的痕量气体的典型观测。从天底视角观测气体讲,一些组分属首次报道,包括亚硝酸、呋喃、乙炔、丙基烯、乙酸、甲醛和氰化氢;这些组分是在2009年2月澳大利亚丛林大火的火积云中观测到的。由于能够观测这些大量活性的痕量气体,所以我们关于源排放及其对环境和气候方面影响的知识可能会加深。