印度东海岸沃姆瑟塔拉河流盆地粘土组分和全样的痕量元素地球化学

沃姆瑟塔拉河是一条中等河流，起源于山口东部的丘陵区．流域盆地的主要地质建造由榴英硅线变质岩、紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩组成．时代属太古代．流域盆地属半干旱-干旱气候。     

更新世冰期的全球深海绝灭事件

据估计 ,深海有孔虫种的交替速率为２ %／Ｍａ ,比新生代浅水底栖（５ %／Ｍａ）或者浮游有孔虫（１１ %／Ｍａ）明显偏低。白垩纪—第三纪边界（６５Ｍａ）或附近的事件引发了陆地和浅水以及部分半远洋生物的灾难性绝灭 ,但是对深海底栖有孔虫的影响很小。大部分深海有孔虫绝灭（３０ %～５０ %的种消失了）出现于晚古新世冰后高温期（ＬＰＴＭ ,５５Ｍａ） ,它起因于贫氧、温暖的侵蚀性底层水以及同时发生的表层生产力的变化。晚始新世至早渐新世（３６～３０Ｍａ）和中中新世也发现了深海底栖有孔虫的种类交替增强有全球蔓延的趋势。对中…     

菲律宾海的锰结壳和锰结核

西马里亚纳海盆和菲律宾海盆发育的锰结核是典型的深海结核。其丰度为0～15kg/m2,平均为3.5kg/m2,Ni+Cu+Co的平均含量为0.59%,最大含量为0.93%,平均Mn/Fe值为0.73.九州帛琉海脊和中央海脊发育的锰结壳和锰结核十分丰富。采集到的大块结壳表面直径可达到300～500mm,最大厚度为32～35mm,采集到的结核最大丰度可达到18.7kg/m2,Ni+Cu+Co的平均含量为0.62%,Co的含量最大为0.57%,平均Mn/Fe值为0.95.上述海盆和海脊上的结核和结壳主要锰矿物相均为水羟锰矿,属水成成因和较低的氧化生成条件,结核的形成时代为更新世以来。据结核和结壳的金属品位,尤其是Co的含量来看,目前尚不具经济潜力。     

Stress-induced apoptosis in sea urchin embryogenesis

We find that early sea urchin embryos have the capability to induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in response to chemical and physical stress. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos (fertilized, 4 cell, 16 cell, 64 cell, and early blastula) were exposed to known cytotoxins, in order to determine when apoptosis occurs naturally and in response to stress. Using cell permeability as an indicator of early stage apoptosis, caspase activation as a mid-stage indicator, and DNA fragmentation as a late stage indicator, we find that during the cleavage stage of embryogenesis apoptosis is almost completely absent. However, a statistically significant (p<0.001) rise in apoptosis in stressed embryos is evident around 24 h after fertilization, during the early blastula stage and shortly after hatching. Before this stage, exposed embryos show no statistically significant increases in apoptosis in comparison to the controls. This pattern of apoptosis in development is similar to that seen in lower vertebrate models in which stress-induced apoptosis occurs only around the mid-blastula transition. We conclude that apoptosis may be used to rid embryos of aberrant or damaged cells in early development, but this response is stage-dependant. Repair, rather than apoptosis, may be utilized during earlier stages, or alternatively, embryos exposed to such stressors may continue development with damaged cells and perhaps damaged DNA. Our continued studies will focus on these alternative hypotheses.     

梭鱼性腺发育的组织学特征及其分期

梭鱼Liza haematocheila(T.et.S.)性腺分期的标准对鱼类人工增殖起重要作用,现将1960年于黄骅(渤海岸)及1961—1962年,1977—1978年5月于北塘,1978年又于西湖村调查所得材料作一汇总,以便为野外观察及人工繁殖提供依据.组织切片材料用Bouin氏固定液,以石蜡包埋,海亭氏铁矾苏木精染色或苏木精伊红染色.脂肪用苏丹Ⅲ及Ⅳ染色.多糖用高碘酸-Schiff染色.蛋白质用0.5%四氧嘧啶及高碘酸法染色,全部材料用石蜡包埋,切片厚度8-12微米,大部分8微米.油滴及油球材料用冰冻包埋,切片厚度10微米.     

青岛近海风暴潮灾害及其预报研究

本文采用周期外推法预报增水峰时，采用回归计算和增水峰连线外延相结合法预报峰值，然后以此模拟增水曲线对台风在人任意２４ｈ之内增水进行过程预报，效果较好。     

大西洋扇贝贝壳生长年轮的氧同位素研究

两只活的大洋扇贝Placopecten magellanicus分别于1983和1985年采自加拿大诺瓦·斯科舍省布朗斯浅滩,其氧同位素记录展示出一种年度性的循环,并与由环境海水的实测温度和同位素组成所预计的贝壳同位素组成十分接近。外生长线的位置与这些循环中δ~(18)O的最大值吻合,这说明外生长线于底层海水温度最低时(春季)形成。据测定的δ~(18)O的结果证明,外生长线是年度性形成的,这与生物学证据一致。     

Estrogenic responses of larval sunshine bass (Morone saxatilis x M. Chrysops) exposed to New York City sewage effluent

To determine the estrogenicity of effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) to larval fish, 2-day-old sunshine bass were exposed to effluents from three STPs serving New York City (NYC), varying in size and treatment level. Estrogenic response was evaluated by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in cytosolic fractions of whole body homogenates. Concentrations of the presumptive endocrine disruptors in the effluents were also measured. VTG and ER levels in sewage-exposed fish were 3-5 times that observed in controls. Combined concentrations of estradiol and estrone ranged from 5 to 13 ng/l and nonylphenol-ethoxylate metabolites (NPEOs: 4-nonylphenol, and 1-, 2-, and 3-nonylphenol-ethoxylates) ranged from 180 to 470 microg/l in chlorinated effluent. Results indicate that both ER and VTG can be used as biomarkers for endocrine disruption in larval fish, and that 4-day exposure to sewage effluent is sufficient to elicit significant expression of these markers in sunshine bass larvae. The extremely higher concentrations of NPEOs found in effluent relative to hormones (approximately 40,000-fold) indicates that surfactant metabolites may be contributing significantly to the estrogenic effects observed.     

澳大利亚海岸概况

澳大利亚是个大陆岛,界于南纬11°—43°,东西长5000公里,面积约770万平方公里(包括塔斯马尼亚岛等)。她与南极大陆隔以3000公里的海域。在澳大利亚和亚洲大陆之间有一列岛屿,其中新几内亚位于与澳大利亚相同的大陆架上,在第四纪时通常是相连的。