新密煤田翟沟井田山西组煤层特征及聚煤环境分析

以新密煤田翟沟井田勘探资料为基础,对井田区域特征、山西组煤层特征和沉积环境进行分析。研究表明：山西组下段为以泥坪＋泥炭沼泽＋泥坪沉积序列为主的潮坪沉积,山西组上段为以弱还原环境河流作用为主的三角洲沉积体系,山西组聚煤环境为滨岸潮坪环境;山西组二。煤层层位稳定,煤层结构简单,煤层厚度为0．82-12．20m,一般3—5m,平均厚度3．84m,煤层厚度的变化是受沉积环境、后期冲刷作用及构造作用综合作用的结果。     

豫西熊耳山青岗坪金矿床特征及其稳定同位素研究

青岗坪金矿为缓倾式构造蚀变岩型金矿床,具产状干缓、矿体薄、品位高、延伸长的特点。成矿物质主要来源于花山花岗岩,是燕山期花岗岩浆活动的产物,具有大中型矿床成矿条件。     

二叠纪海相碳酸盐的锶同位素演化及其意义

本文从沫阳和熊家场剖面二叠纪海相碳酸盐和玄武岩的锶同位素变化出发,讨论了碳酸盐的锶同位素组成与峨嵋山玄武岩喷发之间的关系,以及玄武岩中海相碳酸盐的锶同位素贫化原因,指出海相碳酸盐的锶同位素组成可作为了解地球构造演化的工具。     

The Seismic Induced Soft Sediment Deformation Structures in the Middle Jurassic of Western Qaidamu Basin

Intervals of soft-sediment deformation structures are well-exposed in Jurassic lacustrine deposits in the western Qaidamu basin. Through field observation, many soft-sediment deformation structures can be identified, such as convoluted bedding, liquefied sand veins, load and flame structures, slump structures and sliding-overlapping structures. Based on their genesis, soft-sediment deformation structures can be classified as three types: seismic induced structures, vertical loading structures, and horizontal shear structures. Based on their geometry and genesis analysis, they are seismic-induced structures. According to the characteristics of convoluted bedding structures and liquefied sand veins, it can be inferred that there were earthquakes greater than magnitude 6 in the study area during the middle Jurassic. Furthermore, the study of the slump structures and sliding-overlapping structures indicates that there was a southeastern slope during the middle Jurassic. Since the distance from the study area to the Altyn Mountain and the Altyn fault is no more than 10km, it can be also inferred that the Altyn Mountain existed then and that the Altyn strike-slip fault was active during the middle Jurassic.     

The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: distribution and preliminary risk evaluation

The Wenchuan earthquake, measured at M _s 8.0 according to the China Earthquake Administration, occurred at 14:28 on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province of China. It brought overwhelming destruction to eight provinces and cities. Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the earthquake produced 257 landslide lakes which were distributed along the fault rupture zone and river channels. The authors traveled to the disaster zone immediately after the earthquake to examine some of the features of the debris dams and performed a quick evaluation of the potential for outburst of earthquake-induced landslide lakes for the purpose of disaster relief. The preliminary analysis indicated that the landslide lakes could be classified as those exhibiting extremely high risk, medium risk, and low risk according to field observations and remote sensing, to determine material composition, dam structure, dam height, maximum water storage capacity, and size of the population potentially affected area. The failure risk of 21 debris dams were evaluated as follows: one dam with an extremely high danger risk, seven dams with a high danger, five dams with a medium danger, and eight dams of low danger. More concern was given to the Tangjiashan Lake and different scenarios for the potential sudden failure of its dam were assessed. The risk evaluation result was accepted in full, by the earthquake disaster relief office. A successful emergency dam treatment for risk reduction was planned, based on our assessments, and these measures were quickly carried out. According to this research, the earthquake destabilized the surrounding mountains, resulting in a prolonged geohazard for the area. Landslides and debris flows will continue to develop for at least 5 to 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and will produce additional dammed lakes. Recommendations and plans for earthquake–landslide lake mitigation were proposed, based on past successful practices.     

青岛灵山岛下白垩统湖泊风暴沉积与风暴作用

灵山岛背来石剖面发育了非常典型的湖泊风暴岩和风暴作用。非常典型的丘、洼状构造发育在火山岩底部的砂页岩中。丘状构造呈典型的丘状,规模不一,小者高数厘米,宽数十厘米;大者高2. 4m,宽12. 48m;具有典型的二元结构：底部为灰色或浅灰色的砂砾岩或砂岩;顶部为深灰色 黑色泥岩、页岩或薄层砂岩互层。砂砾岩分选磨圆均很差,砾石主要为片麻岩,直径多在数毫米到3~4cm,呈悬浮式胶结。砾岩底部为凹凸不平的侵蚀面,砾岩向丘状构造两翼变薄甚至尖灭,与下部侵蚀面呈典型的角度交切。丘状构造的上部的细粒层有四个要素：①上凸形态;②丘状交错层理;③下细上粗的二元结构;④底部具侵蚀面。洼状构造也具有典型的洼状,规模也不一,小者高数厘米,宽十余厘米;大者高2. 4m,宽18. 70m,具有下细上粗的（反)二元结构,但底部多为深灰 灰黑色、甚至黑色的泥岩、页岩或夹薄层砂岩,上部多为砂岩、砂砾岩或砾岩。完整的洼状构造也有四个要素：①下凹形态;②或有洼状交错层理;③下细上粗的（反)二元结构;④底部具侵蚀面。丘状构造与洼状构造在空间上相邻共生,但不是同时形成的,一个连续的完整序列是丘状构造形成在先,洼状构造形成在后,其间由一个粒度较细的薄层分隔开（风暴最高水位时的“静”水沉积)。基于实验和丘洼构造参数计算了风暴浪的相关参数。     

Characteristics of stable isotope and hydrochemistry of the groundwater around Qinghai Lake, NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

The integrated use of isotopic and hydrochemical tracers is an effective approach for investigating complex hydrological processes of groundwater. The stable isotope composition and hydrochemistry of the groundwater around Qinghai Lake were investigated to study the sources and recharge areas. Most of the groundwater points lie close to the local meteoric water line, indicating that the ground waters were recharged primarily from precipitation in the basin, though it had undergone varying degrees of evaporation. The hydrochemical analysis showed that the groundwater was mainly freshwater and that the hydrochemical type was Ca–Mg–HCO₃; the results of the boomerang envelope model and solutes calculated indicated that the groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by carbonate dissolution around Qinghai Lake. The recharge altitudes of groundwater were relatively low (at 3,400 m.a.s.l) on the northern shore of Qinghai Lake (locations G1 and G5), relatively high (above 3,900 m.a.s.l) on the southern shore (locations G3 and G4), and approximately 3,700 m.a.s.l on the western shore (location G2). Furthermore, groundwater samples from the fault zone (e.g., G3) would be recharged in part from fissure or inter-basin water. High salinity of groundwater on the western shore (location G2) was related with the evaporite dissolution, the groundwater is unsuitable for drinking, and the drinking water should be improved and enhanced in this area. Knowledge of our research can promote effective management of water resources in this cold and semiarid region and add new data to global groundwater database.     

松辽盆地北部宾参1井白垩系烃源岩的认识和评价及其意义

宾参1井是松辽盆地北部宾县断陷中的第一口参数井,钻遇白垩系地层,自下至上依次为沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组、泉头组和青山口组。在对宾参1井白垩系暗色泥岩进行一系列有机地球化学样品分析测试的基础上,从有机碳(TOC)、氯仿沥青"A"、有效碳(PC)、生烃潜量Pg(S1+S2)、热解峰温Tmax值、镜质体反射率(Ro)、烃源岩气相色谱特征、干酪根碳同位素特征、干酪根元素特征和源岩甾萜烷特征等方面着手,从有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质成熟度三个角度认识该井白垩系烃源岩,并进行烃源岩的初步评价,认为:(1)青一段干酪根主要为Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2型,其中、下部已进入生油门限,属于非—差烃源岩,个别深度段为较好烃源岩,其上部及青二、三段处于未成熟阶段;(2)泉头组和登娄库组干酪根主要为Ⅲ型,已进入成熟生油阶段,前者属于非—差烃源岩,后者属于差烃源岩;(3)营城组和沙河子组干酪根主要为Ⅲ型,有些层段为Ⅱ2型,处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,以生气为主。对该井白垩系烃源岩的认识和初步评价为勘探程度极低的宾县凹陷含油气前景的评价预测和石油地质研究奠定了基础,具有现实意义和重要的理论意义。     

新疆东天山中段金铜成矿系统研究

以构造动力学体制、成矿机理和含矿建造等为原则,将东天山中段铜金成矿系统划分为晚泥盆世—早石炭世板块碰撞体制下的大南湖—头苏泉岩浆热液金铜、早石炭世板内伸展体制下的阿齐山—雅满苏火山热液铜铁和早二叠世陆内造山体制下的康古尔塔格韧性剪切铜金三个成矿系统。以成矿系统的研究内容和方法为指导,阐述了各成矿系统的地质背景、成矿系统的时空特征、控制因素、成矿系统要素、典型矿床的剖析或成矿系统内各矿床特征的对比,建立了各成矿系统模型,并总结了成矿系统的演化过程和演化谱系。     

塔河油田奥陶系生物扰动型储集层的三维重构及启示意义*

塔河油田奥陶系鹰山组和一间房组生物扰动型储集层发育。在岩心观测的基础上,通过典型岩样切片、偏光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜和X射线显微镜观测以及XRD测试分析,对研究区奥陶系生物扰动型储集层的发育特征进行了研究。研究区奥陶系可识别的生物扰动分为2类,分别是 Thalassinoides和Helminthopsis,但以Thalassinoides最为发育,扰动体积可达90%;生物潜穴充填物以白云石颗粒为主,可达90%以上;宿主围岩为泥晶灰岩。随着塔河油田早—中奥陶世海侵、海退沉积环境的变化,生物潜穴的发育呈现出明显的周期性演化规律。在综合提取生物扰动型储集层特征信息的基础上,以沉积学和遗迹学理论为指导,应用3ds Max软件对研究区奥陶系生物扰动型储集层进行了三维重构。该研究虚拟再现了塔河油田生物扰动型储集层的内部结构与微观特征,不仅为后续研究这类储集层的宏观非均质性与微观各向异性、定量表征该类储集层微观尺度上的渗流特征奠定了基础,而且还为完善塔河油田奥陶系油藏模型提供了一种新思路。