松嫩平原耕层土壤固碳潜力估算

提高土壤碳收集能力对减缓全球温室效应具有重要意义。利用松嫩平原南部第二次土壤普查及多目标区域地球化学调查获取的两期表层土壤有机碳数据,根据近20年来各土壤类型不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳量变化趋势,估算了松嫩平原南部各土壤类型、各用地方式下土壤碳源、汇潜力。由估算得出,如果目前的土地利用方式、气候条件、耕作方式、种植技术不变,松嫩平原耕地土壤0~20 cm土层的固碳潜力为-1.229Tg碳,各土壤类型的林地土壤固碳潜力绝大多数为正值,说明林业用地为碳汇区,固碳潜力合计为3.169Tg碳,而天然牧草地绝大多数的固碳潜力为负值,固碳潜力合计为-2.235Tg碳,为碳源区,本次研究估算得出,松嫩平原总体的固碳潜力为-0.917Tg碳。     

Geochemical features and origin of natural gas in heavy oil area of the Western Slope,Songliao Basin,China

The Western Slope of the Songliao Basin is rich in heavy oil resources (>70 × 10⁸ bbl), around which there are shallow gas reservoirs (∼1.0 × 10¹² m³). The gas is dominated by methane with a dryness over 0.99, and the non-hydrocarbon component being overwelmingly nitrogen. Carbon isotope composition of methane and its homologs is depleted in ¹³C, with δ¹³C₁ values being in the range of −55‰ to −75‰, δ¹³C₂ being in the range of −40‰ to −53‰ and δ¹³C₃ being in the range of −30‰ to −42‰, respectively. These values differ significantly from those solution gases source in the Daqing oilfield. This study concludes that heavy oils along the Western Slope were derived from mature source rocks in the Qijia-Gulong Depression, that were biodegraded. The low reservoir temperature (30–50 °C) and low salinity of formation water with neutral to alkaline pH (NaHCO₃) appeared ideal for microbial activity and thus biodegradation. Natural gas along the Western Slope appears mainly to have originated from biodegradation and the formation of heavy oil. This origin is suggested by the heavy δ¹³C of CO₂ (−18.78‰ to 0.95‰) which suggests that the methane was produced via fermentation as the terminal decomposition stage of the oil.     

Erosions on the southern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from in-situ cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al in fluvial sediments

Investigating topographic and climatic controls on erosion at variable spatial and temporal scales is essential to our understanding of the topographic evolution of the orogen.In this work,we quantified millennial-scale erosion rates deduced from cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations in 15 fluvial sediments from the mainstream and major tributaries of the Yarlung Zangbo River draining the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP).The measured ratios of 26Al/10Be range from 6.33 ± 0.29 to 8.96 ± 0.37,suggesting steady-state erosion processes.The resulted erosion rates vary from 20.60 ± 1.79 to 154.00 ± 13.60 m Myr-1,being spatially low in the upstream areas of the Gyaca knickpoint and high in the downstream areas.By examining the relationships between the erosion rate and topographic or climatic indices,we found that both topography and climate play significant roles in the erosion process for basins in the upstream areas of the Gyaca knickpoint.However,topography dominantly controls the erosion processes in the downstream areas of the Gyaca knickpoint,whereas variations in precipitation have only a second-order control.The marginal Himalayas and the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) yielded significantly higher erosion rates than the central plateau,which indicated that the landscape of the central plateau surface is remarkably stable and is being intensively consumed at its boundaries through river headward erosion.In addition,our 10Be erosion rates are comparable to present-day hydrologic erosion rates in most cases,suggesting either weak human activities or long-term steady-state erosion in this area.     

利用复测水准资料寻求反映地壳纯形变的定量指标

地壳纯变形分为剪切变形和扩张变形。在前人研究的基础上提出了仅利用复测水准资料求出描述地壳剪切变形和扩张变形指标的方法和步骤，所得的定量指标不受基准的影响，受测量累积误差的影响亦很小，能客观地反映地壳变形的特征。通过理论和实例证明：以一点周围变形分量的最大值代表该点周围垂直面的变形程度比其平均值更能突出变形信息。最后根据实例计算结果分析了剪切变形分量、扩张变形分量与形变速率、构造地震的关系。     

Gas migration behavior in saturated bentonite under flexible conditions with consideration of temperature effects

Acta Geotechnica - Investigation of thermal effects on gas migration behavior in saturated bentonite materials is of great significance for the assessment of long-term safety and performance...     

南宁膨胀土持水性能的温度效应及微观机制

采用蒸汽平衡法测定了4种温度(T=5、25、40、60℃)条件下Whatman No.42滤纸的率定曲线,建立了考虑温度影响的双线性率定曲线方程,发现滤纸的持水性能随温度升高而降低,且温度对率定曲线高吸力段滤纸持水性能的影响要弱于低吸力段。在此基础上,以南宁膨胀土为研究对象,使用滤纸法测定了不同温度作用下膨胀土试样的土-水特征曲线。试验结果表明,随着温度的升高,膨胀土持水性能下降,但温度的影响幅度会随着吸力的增大而减弱,当基质吸力达到40MPa时,不同温度下试样的体积含水率并没有明显变化,即此时温度对膨胀土的持水性能变化几乎无影响。为解释上述宏观现象,选取部分试样进行了压汞试验和吸附结合水试验,并根据试验结果从土体中各相及各相界面相互耦合作用的物理机制角度阐述了南宁膨胀土持水性能的温度效应及微观机制。     

江苏某材料厂周边农田土壤钼污染特征及农作物健康风险评价（84）

为了解江苏某材料厂金属冶炼活动引发的重金属污染风险,采集周围农田土壤、小麦和水稻籽实样品,确定Mo含量及其在土壤中的形态,采用地质累积指数和富集因子指标评价土壤中钼的污染风险,采用健康风险指数评价小麦、稻米中Mo的健康风险。结果表明,农田土壤中Mo含量在0.50～63.2 mg/kg之间,其平均值5.70 mg/kg远高于全省平均值0.65 mg/kg,表层土壤出现了中度—高度富集,近70%的样点受到不同程度的钼污染,污染范围距该厂300 m,污染深度>1.5 m。土壤中的Mo具有较高的生物有效性,在小麦、水稻籽实中显著富集,主要与土壤具有较高的全Mo含量以及土壤呈碱性有关。基于EPA的健康风险评估方法,食用当地稻米、小麦会产生较大的健康风险。     

2020年7月12日唐山5.1级地震前高光谱多参数异常特征分析

基于高光谱遥感数据,通过RST算法提取2020年7月12日唐山5.1级地震前不同参数异常信息,发现震前CH₄、CO、H₂O、O₃均出现了高值异常,且异常均位于震中附近,异常幅度高于2倍均方差,CH₄、CO、H₂O异常机理不同于O₃。通过统计2018—2020年CH₄、CO、H₂O三种气体出现频次,发现同步异常具有可靠性,认为高光谱多参数异常出现的同步性,可提高异常性质判定的信度。通过对不同参数进行连续跟踪观测,提取多参数同步异常信息,对地震短临预报具有一定参考意义。     

基于斯通利波及电成像测井数据对火成岩裂缝地层的特征分析

随着石油勘探类型的转变和发展,如何高效且准确地识别地层中的裂缝变得十分重要。本文构建了斯通利波在裂缝地层中传播的理论模型,得到了斯通利波在经过裂缝带时会形成反射斯通利波,以及地层中裂缝的条数越多、斯通利波反射系数越大的理论结果。在此基础上,对辽河盆地火成岩地层的声波测井数据进行了斯通利波波场分离（中值滤波）,得到反射斯通利波,并计算了裂缝地层的反射系数。同时对该地层的电成像测井数据进行了孔隙度分布谱和区间孔隙度分析。研究表明：在裂缝发育的地层,反射斯通利波能量增强,反射系数变大;裂缝发育地层电成像孔隙度分布谱明显变宽,电成像区间孔隙度中大孔隙占比增大,显示次生孔隙（裂缝）发育。