应用人工神经网络解释煤层厚度

本文介绍了人工神经网络解释煤层厚度的方法，为直接利用煤田地震资料确定煤层厚度提供了一种新的途径。利用煤层厚度与煤层反射波动力学特征参数之间的非线性关系，用人工神经网络进行定量描述，便可根据地震资料求出煤层厚度。     

节理化块体边坡失稳机理数值分析

针对三峡库区移民新址的工程地质问题，用改进的岩土工程软件系统FINAL，研究了节理化块体岩坡的失稳机理，指出除了节理的C，值控制岩块的滑移、倾覆变形，倾倒等破坏形式外，岩块的模量E也对倾覆变形破坏起重要作用，从而不仅说明了保护坡脚，防止岩块浸水软化的必要性，也说明了应用传统离散元法分析这类问题的局限性。     

豫西震旦系露头序地层学初步研究及其意义

运用露头层序地层学的方法，对豫西鲁山下汤和临汝罗圈震旦系剖面进行了研究，并结合区域上该地层的发育特征，初步识别出３个Ⅰ类层序．前两个层序分别与岩石地层单位黄连垛组和董家组相当，属于缓坡沉积相模式（ｒａｍｐｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｍｏｄｅｌ）；第三层序由罗圈组和东坡组组成，沉积于具陆架坡折（ｓｈｅｌｆｂｒｅａｋ）的盆地中．豫西与扬子地台震旦系层序基本可以对比     

枪马金矿床石英热发光特征及其在石英脉含金性评价中的应用

本文通过对枪马金矿床石英热发光特征的系统研究,揭示了石英热发光与石英含金性的内在成因联系,总结了石英热发光特征的含金性指示意义,为扩大矿山储量、开展成矿预测提供了一个简便可行的方法。     

陕西榆林侏罗纪层序地层分析及其意义

陕西榆林侏罗系可划分4个层序。通过大断面写真、钻孔断面分析发现，层序－2（延安组）是3种类型小层序的重复叠覆，可归并为9个体系域，与海相地层有较大差异。系统分析其层序地层学特征，对于恢复古盆地水动力循环系统、沉积过程及矿产预测有重要意义。     

新疆北天山晚古生代蛇绿混杂岩带的变形研究

运用有限应变测量、磁组构和岩石组构等方法，对北天山存在着的一条晚古生代蛇绿混杂岩带进行了详细的构造变形研究。各种方法的研究结果互相吻合，与野外实际地质现象也相一致。混杂岩带属压扁变形，压缩量５１％，应变强度０．８３．３个主应变轴的平均产状分别是Ｘ＝１２６°∠４４°，Ｙ＝２５７°∠３３°，Ｚ＝８°∠２５°。文中最后讨论了该混杂岩带的形成机制、时代、运动学和动力学特征。     

Significance of rare hydrous alkaline melts in Hawaiian xenoliths

 Two types of melt pockets occur in Hawaiian mantle xenoliths: amphibole-bearing (AMP) and spinel-bearing (SMP). AMPs contain amphibole (kaersutite), olivine (Fo₉₂), clinopyroxene (with 7–11% Al₂O₃), vesicles and glass. SMPs contain olivine, clinopyroxene, spinel, glass, and vesicles. The glasses in SMPs (SiO₂=44–45%, 11–12% alkalis, La=90–110 ppm) and AMPs (SiO₂=49–54%, 6–8.5% alkalis, La=8–14 ppm) are distinct in color and composition. Both glasses are generally characterized by LREE-enriched (chondrite-normalized) patterns. Amphibole and clinopyroxene have gently convex upward-to-moderately LREE-enriched patterns. Mineral/glass trace element abundance ratio plots show a strong negative Ti anomaly and a gentle negative Zr anomaly for clinopyroxene/glass; whereas amphibole/glass patterns show a distinctive positive Ti spike. The amphibole/glass trace element ratios are similar to published megacryst/lava values. An earlier study showed that the Hawaiian spinel lherzolites (lithosphere) have largely been metasomatized during post-erosional Honolulu magmatic activity. REE abundances of SMP glasses (melts) overlap the REE abundances calculated for such metasomes. The occurrence of hydrous, alkaline, mafic melt pockets in Hawaiian upper mantle xenoliths implies that (1) such hydrous liquids are generated in the upper mantle, and (2) water plays a role in magmatic activity associated with the Hawaiian plume. Although we are uncertain about the source (plume, lithosphere, or asthenosphere) of this water, we speculate that such melts and other alkalic lavas erupted on Oahu and on the sea-floor over the Hawaiian arch were generated from a broad „wet“ rim of a radially layered Hawaiian plume, whose hot and „dry“ core supplied the shield-forming magmas. Received: 6 February 1995 / Accepted: 28 August 1995     

陕西勉略宁三角区基本地质组成及演化

陕西勉略宁三角区发育４大套不同构造背景下所形成的岩石组合，表明区内经历了晚太古结晶基底与早中元古浅变质火山岩过渡基底形成、晚元古一早古生代扬子大陆边缘演化、勉略海槽演化及陆内造山４个大的复杂演化阶段，最终形成今日之基本构造格局与地质面貌．     

Application of GIS for land-use/land-cover change analysis in a mountainous terrain

Integration of remote sensing data with other spatial/non-spatial data was carried out using ARC/INFO software package. A simple classification technique was adopted for land cover/land-use change analyses in relation to elevation, slope, aspect and bio-climatic classes. Suitability assessment of land where agricultural extension occurred between 1963 and 1993 was made using GIS software package. Expansion of agriculture and was found to be maximum in 2200-2400 m elevation zone and 20–30° slope classes. When topographic aspects were considered expansion was maximum on south east and west facing slopes. The loss of vegetal cover is estimated to be 15 per cent between 1963–1993. However regeneration of forest was found to be maximum in elevation ranges of 1600–2000 metre and mostly having 20–30° average slope, Land deterioration over the two mapping periods was identified and strategies were suggested to mitigate the problem.     

Understanding the turbulent structure of the atmospheric boundary layer: A diagnostic approach

In this paper, we have attempted a diagnostic study of the turbulence characteristics of the ABL by means of two one-dimensional models. The first model uses a first order non-local closure, based on the Transilient Turbulence Theory, for parameterizing turbulent fluxes. while the second model uses second order local closure for parameterizing these. The models have been applied to conduct case studies using the Kytoon data taken at Kharagpur, during 17th–21st June, 1990, as part of the MONTBLEX programme. Our findings bring out various interesting features regarding the non-local and local turbulent statistics such as kinematic fluxes, turbulence kinetic energy, vertical velocity variance, the contribution of the eddies of various sizes to the fluxes at different level and the mixing lengths. The one-dimensional anisotropy of the turbulent eddies has been revealed by the findings from the transilient model. The vertical variation of the turbulence kinetic energy, as computed directly by the second order model, is found to be strongly correlated with the vertical velocity variance. In particular, for stably stratified boundary layers, identification of two distinct zones of the turbulence kinetic energy and corresponding vertical velocity maxima is possible, which has been interpreted as positive evidence of patchy turbulence in the boundary layer.