CINRAD/SB雷达伺服上电故障诊断分析

在详细介绍CINRAD/SB雷达数字伺服系统加电控制、天线状态信号流程的基础上,分析出数字伺服系统无法上电3方面原因：负载过载导致空气开关保护性断电;伺服系统加电信号不正常;制动器过流导致温度超限。总结了CINRAD/SB雷达伺服系统无法上电故障的分析方法和诊断流程。通过诊断流程详细论述两例伺服无法上电的复杂故障分析和排除过程,以及在台站无配件更换情况下,充分利用雷达线路特点暂时采用应急方法尽快恢复雷达运转的方法,保证灾害性天气监测的需求。为新一代天气雷达技术支持和保障提供借鉴。     

CINRAD/SB雷达接收机技术特点及故障诊断方法

介绍了CINRAD/SB雷达接收系统技术特点。根据接收机的主通道、测试通道、故障定位通道的信号流程,从监测信息、报警信息、关键点参数测量入手,总结了CINRAD/SB雷达接收系统故障诊断方法和技巧。详细介绍了利用RDA计算机的报警信息直接查找故障、通道测试法和关键点波形测试法3种诊断故障的方法,并列举了接收机主通道前端、后端以及测试通道3个不同类型的典型故障个例的分析和处理步骤。提出了接收系统维修方面的一些建议,为新一代天气雷达技术支持和保障提供借鉴。     

马斯克林高压的变化特征

利用历史天气图和NCEP再分析资料,普查了1980～2002年出现在华北平原地区的回流天气过程.依据500 hPa环流形势,对华北平原的回流天气形势分为两种:两槽一脊型和高纬低压带型.针对不同的天气分型对产生回流天气的动力条件、水汽来源进行了合成诊断分析.结果表明:涡度和散度的垂直分布与一般的降水过程不同,低层存在辐散和反气旋环流;自东北南下经渤海回流到华北平原的空气是比较干的.该文分析结果有助于预报业务人员了解回流天气,提高华北回流天气的预报准确率.     

与EAWM相关的海陆气相互作用及亚洲夏季风

基于观测资料分析，本文讨论了与东亚冬季风（EAWM）异常活动相联系的海－陆－气系统的特征，指出它往往是随后亚洲夏季风异常的一个信号。我们分析并确定了一类重要的海气耦合模态，即EAWM。它所包含的海－气双向相互作用，使该模态的SSTA分布得以发展和持续。特别是在西太平洋和南海等关键地区，SSTA异常将从冬季维持到夏季。在强冬季风年，青藏高原积雪冬季在其东部出现负距平区，春季则延伸到高原西北部。SSTA及高原积雪分布，共同构成调制亚洲季风环流的重要因子，它将有助于1）随后南海季风和季风降水的增强；2）梅雨期西太平洋副高偏北，长江流域少雨；3）夏季我国东北和日本多雨；4）阿拉伯海和印度东北多雨，而印度西南部及孟加拉湾少雨。总之，强EAWM及相联的海气相互作用，一定程度上，预示着亚洲夏季风的活动特征。     

2001年春季寒潮天气中数值预报的应用

2001年4月6-9日，新疆出现了一次全疆性寒潮天气过程。阿克苏地区8县1市普遍出现了强风暴、强降温。但由于我台对数值预报产品的正确释用，成功地报出了这次天气，体现了数值预报的优点。     

百色地区预报分析平台的开发与应用

介绍百色地区预报分析平台的主要功能及该平台对数值预报产品进行解释应用的方法和思路     

Variability of Mixed-Layer Heights over the Indian Ocean and Central Arabian Sea during INDOEX, IFP-99

The upper air data collected from the balloon-borne GLASS Sondes launched from the Oceanic Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya during the Intensive Field Phase of the Indian Ocean experiment (INDOEX, IFP-99;SK-141 Cruise) are utilized forstudying the variability in the mixed-layer heights observed over the western tropical Indian Ocean and central Arabian Sea. During the entire cruise, typical daytime convective mixed-layer heights (roughly corresponding to 1400 LT) obtained from _V and q profiles, were observed to be in the range 200–900 m. Shallowmixed -layer heights are observed, in general, over the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Over the central Arabian Sea, vertical profiles of _V and q demonstrate a double mixed-layer structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), which gradually disappears close to the Indian coastline.     

Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow Over a Vegetation-Like Canopy Modelled as Arrays of Bluff-Body Elements

Turbulent flow over a vegetation canopy under neutral atmospheric conditions is investigated using large-eddy simulation. Each model tree, which consists of a sphere-shaped tree crown and a cylindrical trunk, is fully resolved. The resulting turbulence statistics and the drag force on the vegetation agree well with measurements from the corresponding wind-tunnel experiment described by Böhm et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorol, 146:393–419, 2013). Statistically, this kind of model canopy exhibits both vegetation and bluff-body-flow characteristics. The time-averaged flow skims over the top of the underlying canopy, forming a low-momentum recirculation zone on the lee-side of the bluff elements, which causes significant dispersive stress within the canopy layer. Two other numerical representations of vegetation canopies, referred to as the drag-element and drag-crown approaches, have also been developed to assess the performance of simulations. Turbulence statistics suggest that the canopy shear layer interferes with wakes behind stems and crowns. The drag-crown approach yields better agreement between numerical results and experimental measurements than does the traditional drag-element approach, thus providing a promising numerical model for simulating canopy turbulence.     

Implications of CMIP3 model biases and uncertainties for climate projections in the western tropical Pacific

Regional climate projections in the Pacific region are potentially sensitive to a range of existing model biases. This study examines the implications of coupled model biases on regional climate projections in the tropical western Pacific. Model biases appear in the simulation of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the location and movement of the South Pacific Convergence Zone, rainfall patterns, and the mean state of the ocean–atmosphere system including the cold tongue bias and erroneous location of the edge of the Western Pacific warm pool. These biases are examined in the CMIP3 20th century climate models and used to provide some context to the uncertainty in interpretations of regional-scale climate projections for the 21st century. To demonstrate, we provide examples for two island nations that are located in different climate zones and so are affected by different biases: Nauru and Palau. We discuss some of the common approaches to analyze climate projections and whether they are effective in reducing the effect of model biases. These approaches include model selection, calculating multi model means, downscaling and bias correcting.     

基于球面阴阳网格数值计算研究进展

对球面阴阳网格的转换关系、优缺点及边界数据插值交换方法的相关知识进行了较为详细介绍。同时对应用球面阴阳网格的3种数值计算方法进行了回顾总结,包括优化的Schwarz方法、CIP-CSLR平流数值计算方法、多离散矩有限体积法。针对优化的Schwarz方法,从浅水方程组的离散入手,讨论了其在求解球面椭圆型问题的优势;而对CIP-CSLR平流数值计算方法和多离散矩有限体积法,主要从如何在网格单元内构造插值函数的角度对其进行分析。最后对开发全球非静力阴阳网格模式进行展望。