非静力平衡层结大气中的重力惯性波和惯性对流

本文根据一些新的流体力学实验结果及某些天气事实,建立了一个非静力平衡条件下旋转地球大气中重力惯性波和惯性对流的理论模型,并分别求出它在稳定层结,中性层结及不稳定层结三种情况下的点源扰动函数形式的解。 分析解的性质得知,中性及弱不稳定大气中可以激发一种主要由地球旋转惯性决定的大幅度垂直速度振动,其周期大于(至少等于)地球在该纬度的惯性周期2π/f。这也许能说明文献[1]所发现的那种准周期性惯性对流的某些动力性质。在稳定层结流体中,地球旋转参数对流体重力振荡的频率影响不大,层结越稳定,越类似于单纯的重力振荡,只有在层结接近中性时,f对重力振荡的频率修正作用才明显起来。 最后给出不同纬度处不稳定层结大气中所能产生的惯性对流的最大临界尺度。     

Rosia Poieni copper deposit,Apuseni Mountains,Romania: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system

The Rosia Poieni deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are related to the Middle Miocene emplacement of a subvolcanic body, the Fundoaia microdiorite. Zonation of the alteration associated with the porphyry copper deposit is recognized from the deep and central part of the porphyritic intrusion towards shallower and outer portions. Four alteration types have been distinguished: potassic, phyllic, advanced argillic, and propylitic. Potassic alteration affects mainly the Fundoaia subvolcanic body. The andesitic host rocks are altered only in the immediate contact zone with the Fundoaia intrusion. Mg-biotite and K-feldspar are the main alteration minerals of the potassic assemblage, accompanied by ubiquitous quartz; chlorite, and anhydrite are also present. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor bornite, are associated with this alteration. Phyllic alteration has overprinted the margin of the potassic zone, and formed peripheral to it. It is characterized by the replacement of almost all early minerals by abundant quartz, phengite, illite, variable amounts of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals, minor smectite, and kaolinite. Pyrite is abundant and represents the main sulfide in this alteration zone. Advanced argillic alteration affects the upper part of the volcanic structure. The mineral assemblage comprises alunite, kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, aluminium-phosphate-sulphate minerals (woodhouseite-svanbergite series), zunyite, minamyite, pyrite, and enargite (luzonite). Alunite forms well-developed crystals. Veins with enargite (luzonite) and pyrite in a gangue of quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore, are present within and around the subvolcanic intrusion. This alteration type is partially controlled by fractures. A zonal distribution of alteration minerals is observed from the centre of fractures outwards with: (1) vuggy quartz; (2) quartz + alunite; (3) quartz + kaolinite ± alunite and, in the deeper part of the argillic zone, quartz + pyrophyllite + diaspore; (4) illite + illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals ± kaolinite ± alunite, and e) chlorite + albite + epidote. Propylitic alteration is present distal to all other alteration types and consists of chlorite, epidote, albite, and carbonates. Mineral parageneses, mineral stability fields, and alteration mineral geothermometers indicate that the different alteration assemblages are the result of changes in both fluid composition and temperature of the system. The alteration minerals reflect cooling of the hydrothermal system from >400 °C (biotite), to 300–200 °C (chlorite and illite in veinlets) and to lower temperatures of kaolinite, illite-smectite mixed layers, and smectite crystallization. Hydrothermal alteration started with an extensive potassic zone in the central part of the system that passed laterally to the propylitic zone. It was followed by phyllic overprint of the early-altered rocks. Nearly barren advanced argillic alteration subsequently superimposed the upper levels of the porphyry copper alteration zones. The close spatial association between porphyry mineralization and advanced argillic alteration suggests that they are genetically part of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system that includes a porphyry intrusion at depth and an epithermal environment of the advanced argillic type near the surface.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

高氟地下水混凝沉淀降氟试验研究

本文开展了山西运城地区高氟地下水的降氟试验，对聚铁、硫酸铝和明矾等不同混凝剂降氟效果进行对比，探讨了地下水硬度对混凝沉淀除氟效果的影响。实验结果表明：明矾混凝沉降效果优于其它混凝剂，0．3g／L的明矾溶液可使含氟浓度4．0mg／L的地下水降低到浓度1．0mg／L以下；地下水的硬度对明矾混凝降氟效果没有明显影响。     

Modelling evolution of stellar emission of galaxies for the nir surveys

Recent observational results in the near-IR on distant galaxies and interacting galaxies are clues for modelling evolution of galaxy counts and for testing theories of galaxy formation. Spectrophotometric models, developed in the ultraviolet and visible, were tools essential for such interpretations. So we hereafter present their extension to the near-infrared and preliminary results on radiogalaxies, starbursts and faint counts. The two fundamental objectives are to confirm a merging scenario and to determine the age of the first stellar generation.     

Long slit spectroscopy of the nuclear zone of NGC 253

We have undertaken a study of the physical conditions of the lonized gas within the starburst region of the galaxy NGC 253, using long slit spectroscopy at high spatial and spectral resolution. Our aim was to identify the appropriate parameters describing the dynamics of the gas and the excitation conditions, in relation with the starburst process. Non-gaussian line profiles and line spliting are clearly observed, indicating a complicated dynamical structure; furthermore, the zones presenting non-circular motions and localized outflow of gas have been spatially sampled at the seeing limit.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.     

太阳辐射和地面气象要素的日环食效应

本文通过对1987年9月23日日环食期间太阳辐射和地面气象要素等实测资料的分析,指出了在日环食过程中太阳辐射和地面气象要素等的变化,也叙述了日食期间地面臭氧含量的变化;第一次在国内测得了由日食引起的大气重力波,进而讨论了大气重力波的若干特性.     

A macroelement formulation for shallow foundations on cohesive and frictional soils

The scope of this paper is to present a macroelement model for shallow foundations encompassing the majority of combinations of soil and foundation–soil interface conditions that are interesting for practical applications. The basic idea of the formulation is to raise the common assumption that the surface of ultimate loads of the foundation is identified as a yield surface in the space of force parameters which the footing is subjected to. Instead, each non‐linear mechanism participating in the global response of the system is modelled independently and the surface of ultimate loads is retrieved as the combined result of all active mechanisms. This allows formulating each mechanism by respecting its particular characteristics and offers the possibility of activating, modifying or deactivating each mechanism according to the context of application. The model comprises three non‐linear mechanisms: (a) the mechanism of sliding at the soil–footing interface, (b) the mechanism of soil yielding in the vicinity of the footing and (c) the mechanism of uplift as the footing may get detached from the soil. The first two are irreversible and dissipative and are combined within a multi‐mechanism plasticity formulation. The third mechanism is reversible and non‐dissipative. It is reproduced with a phenomenological non‐linear hyperelastic model. The model is validated with respect to the existing results for shallow foundations under quasi‐static loading tests. It is shown that although the ultimate surface of the foundation is not explicitly used in the formulation of the model, the obtained force states by the model are always contained within it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma

In June 2009, the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) formally ratified a proposal by the International Commission on Stratigraphy to lower the base of the Quaternary System/Period to the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Gelasian Stage/Age at Monte San Nicola, Sicily, Italy. The Gelasian until then had been the uppermost stage of the Pliocene Series/Epoch. The base of the Gelasian corresponds to Marine Isotope Stage 103, and has an astronomically tuned age of 2.58 Ma. A proposal that the base of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch be lowered to coincide with that of the Quaternary (the Gelasian GSSP) was also accepted by the IUGS Executive Committee. The GSSP at Vrica, Calabria, Italy, which had hitherto defined the basal boundary of both the Quaternary and the Pleistocene, remains available as the base of the Calabrian Stage/Age (now the second stage of the revised Pleistocene). In ratifying these proposals, the IUGS has acknowledged the distinctive qualities of the Quaternary by reaffirming it as a full system/period, correctly complied with the hierarchical requirements of the geological timescale by lowering the base of the Pleistocene to that of the Quaternary, and fully respected the historical and widespread current usage of both the terms ‘Quaternary’ and ‘Pleistocene’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.