SCOUR RATE FORMULA

I.INTRODUCTIONhiverchannelsaresubjecttocontinuouschangeingeometryduetoillteraCtionbetWeentheflowanderodibleboundaries.Ofconcerntothedesignersofoilpipelinesacrossariver,bridgesandhydraulicworksistheproblemofscourwhichcanunderminetheStructures.Scouratsiteofbridgesandhydraulicworksoccursduetoconstrictedflowandexistenceofbridgepiers.SuchatabOfscouroccursonlyinashortsection,usuallyillthesameorderofthelengthofthehydraulicworksorbridges.Therefore,thispatternofscouriscalledlocalscour.Man}rresea…     

Loess: The Yellow Earth

A wind-deposited silt forming large deposits in China and middle America, loess is the basis of much grade-one agricultural land.     

Mass outflow and its consequences in the circumnuclear zones of galaxies

The distribution of hydrogen gas, atomic plus molecular, in the discs of spiral galaxies, takes two characteristic extreme alternative forms. In one, the density peaks at the nucleus, and falls radially monotonically and roughly exponentially with radius. In the other there is a hole in the gas distribution in the circumnuclear region. In this paper we examine the distributions of gas, and the kinematics in the central zones of a number of spirals which have been observed both spectroscopically and with photometric mapping. We find in addition to a ring structure in the gas, there is often measurable expansion with higher radial velocities occurring near the nucleus. Associated with the more expanded of these ring structures there appear annuli of younger stars with enhanced metallicities; and inside the gaseous ring older, less metallic populations. A strong correlation exists between the absence of central gas and the size of the nuclear bulge of a galaxy: Sa's and Sb's have lower ratios of gas to stars than Sc's and Sd's. We show that radially progressive bursts of star formation can account for a wide range of these observed phenomena and could be related to the presence ofliners in the interstellar medium close to the nucleus. The energetics and dynamical balance within the burst are considered in terms of three sources of outflow: supernovae, stellar winds, and radiation from massive stars, with the probability that all these mechanisms contribute to the collective phenomenon.     

An emergy evaluation of the seven years’development of Qianyanzhou ecological experimental station

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The new site testing survey in the Canary Islands' Observatories

The future establishment of large telescopes at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) has raised the necessity of designing a site-testing campaign, aimed specifically at selecting their emplacements, as well as characterizing correctly the local seeing behaviour and the fluctuations of the turbulent field in the area covered by the observatory.This paper describes the site evaluation programme to be carried out at the ORM during the next four years. The data obtained in this program will improve earlier tests in the critical areas of sub-are sec seeing, the size of the isoplanatic patch, the efecto Caldera and suitability for infrared astronomy, among others.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.     

对“浙江长兴二叠系-三叠系界线层型剖面面临的新问题”一文的商榷

承蒙<地层学杂志>编辑部寄来王成源先生"浙江长兴二叠系-三叠系界线层型剖面面临的新问题"一文(以下简称王文)征求意见,兹将我们对其2、3两段的意见表述如下,供大家讨论:     

高空图的业务客观分析

一、引言 所谓的客观分析的基本点是根据不规则的、疏密不均匀的测站资料而得到规则网格点上的适当数值。客观分析应用于实况资料分析和为数值天气预报提供初始场,是自动化数值预报体系的重要环节。 由Panofsky(1949)提出并由Gilckrist和Cressman(1954)作了修改的最早的客观分析方法是用最小二乘法使资料满足一些多项式。多项式法在无资料地区会产生计算不     

河北省特大暴雨个例分析与预报指标

在普及大寨县的运动中,为战胜自然灾害夺取丰收,进一步做好暴雨预报服务工作,我省气象台和地区气象台组成暴雨会战组,于1975年12月下旬至1976年2月下旬,对近二十年影响我省的特大暴雨进行了初步分析。我们选用1955年—1975年7,8两个月产生的特大暴雨过程,以影响天气系统为主分成三类暴雨:一是低涡暖切变类;二是台风倒槽类;三是副高后部暖区暴雨类。对前两类,各找出一个典型过程,进行个例分析,探索暴雨成因和预报着眼点,以此再进行对比分析,逐日普查,找出我省未来2斗小时有无特大暴雨的判别指标。     

初始方程数值模式的一个计算格式在有限区域预报的试验

本文是将我组提出的初始方程数值预报模式的一个计算格式,在有限区域进行预报的试验。 本文主要叙述了侧边界条件试验的情况,初值温度的计算方案,最后给出一次24小时的预报结果。