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941.
942.
943.
Falling attendances and rising costs have forced English football clubs—especially those in smaller cities and towns and in the lower divisions—to seek additional sources of revenue in order to remain financially viable. One strategy has been to make greater use of their ground by renting it out for other activities. However, this creates additional negative externality effects to those generated by football matches for residents living in the vicinity of the ground. An examination of Luton Town FC, which has installed a synthetic pitch to allow it to make more intensive use of its Kenilworth Road ground, indicates that the negative externalities generated by the use of the ground for non-football activities are both less intense and smaller in extent than those generated by football matches. The decision by the football authorities to ban artificial pitches will eliminate this important source of revenue for clubs such as Luton Town. Their attempts to find alternative income-generating activities through more intensive use of their grounds may involve other non-football activities which generate negative externality effects of greater intensity and spatial extent. 相似文献
944.
9C: a survey of radio sources at 15 GHz with the Ryle Telescope 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elizabeth M. Waldram Guy G. Pooley Keith J. B. Grainge Michael E. Jones Richard D. E. Saunders Paul F. Scott Angela C. Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,342(3):915-925
The fields chosen for the first observations of the cosmic microwave background with the Very Small Array have been surveyed with the Ryle Telescope at 15 GHz. We have covered three regions around RA 00h 20m Dec. +30° , RA 09h 40m Dec. +32° and RA 15h 40m Dec. +43° (J2000.0) , an area of 520 deg2 . There are 465 sources above the current completeness limit of ≈25 mJy , although a total of ≈760 sources have been detected, some as faint as 10 mJy. This paper describes our techniques for observation and data analysis; it also includes source counts and some discussion of spectra and variability. Preliminary source lists are presented. 相似文献
945.
T. J. Fagan G. J. Taylor K. Keil T. E. Bunch J. H. Wittke R. L. Korotev B. L. Jolliff J. J. Gillis L. A. Haskin E. Jarosewich R. N. Clayton T. K. Mayeda V. A. Fernandes R. Burgess G. Turner O. Eugster S. Lorenzetti 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2002,37(3):371-394
Abstract— Mineralogy, major element compositions of minerals, and elemental and oxygen isotopic compositions of the whole rock attest to a lunar origin of the meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 032, an unbrecciated basalt found in October 1999. The rock consists predominantly of olivine, pyroxene and chromite phenocrysts, set in a crystalline groundmass of feldspar, pyroxene, ilmenite, troilite and trace metal. Whole‐rock shock veins comprise a minor, but ubiquitous portion of the rock. Undulatory to mosaic extinction in olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts and micro‐faults in groundmass and phenocrysts also are attributed to shock. Several geochemical signatures taken together indicate unambiguously that NWA 032 originated from the Moon. The most diagnostic criteria include whole‐rock oxygen isotopic composition and ratios of Fe/Mn in the whole rock, olivine, and pyroxene. A lunar origin is documented further by the presence of Fe‐metal, troilite, and ilmenite; zoning to extremely Fe‐rich compositions in pyroxene; the ferrous oxidation state of all Fe in pyroxene; and the rare earth element (REE) pattern with a well‐defined negative europium anomaly. This rock is similar in major element chemistry to basalts from Apollo 12 and 15, but is enriched in light REE and has an unusually high Th/Sm ratio. Some Apollo 14 basalts yield a closer match to NWA 032 in REE patterns, but have higher concentrations of Al2O3. Ar‐Ar step release results are complex, but yield a whole‐rock age of ?2.8 Ga, suggesting that NWA 032 was extruded at 2.8 Ga or earlier. This rock may be the youngest sample of mare basalt collected to date. Noble gas concentrations combined with previously collected radionuclide data indicate that the meteorite exposure history is distinct from currently recognized lunar meteorites. In short, the geochemical and petrographic features of NWA 032 are not matched by Apollo or Luna samples, nor by previously identified lunar meteorites, indicating that it originates from a previously unsampled mare deposit. Detailed assessment of petrographic features, olivine zoning, and thermodynamic modelling indicate a relatively simple cooling and crystallization history for NWA 032. Chromite‐spinel, olivine, and pyroxene crystallized as phenocrysts while the magma cooled no faster than 2 °C/h based on the polyhedral morphology of olivine. Comparison of olivine size with crystal growth rates and preserved Fe‐Mg diffusion profiles in olivine phenocrysts suggest that olivine was immersed in the melt for no more than 40 days. Plumose textures in groundmass pyroxene, feldspar, and ilmenite, and Fe‐rich rims on the phenocrysts formed during rapid crystallization (cooling rates ?20 to 60 °C/h) after eruption. 相似文献
946.
Darren S. Madgwick Ed Hawkins Ofer Lahav Steve Maddox Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Ivan K. Baldry Carlton M. Baugh Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,344(3):847-856
947.
948.
Manuela Magliocchetti Steve J. Maddox Carole A. Jackson Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto de Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden John A. Peacock Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,333(1):100-120
949.
D. J. Croton E. Gaztañaga C. M. Baugh P. Norberg M. Colless I. K. Baldry J. Bland-Hawthorn T. Bridges R. Cannon S. Cole C. Collins W. Couch G. Dalton R. De Propris S. P. Driver G. Efstathiou R. S. Ellis C. S. Frenk K. Glazebrook C. Jackson O. Lahav I. Lewis S. Lumsden S. Maddox D. Madgwick J. A. Peacock B. A. Peterson W. Sutherland K. Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(4):1232-1244
950.
Nelson D. Padilla Carlton M. Baugh Vincent R. Eke Peder Norberg Shaun Cole Carlos S. Frenk Darren J. Croton Ivan K. Baldry Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve Maddox Darren Madgwick John A. Peacock Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(1):211-225