我国典型海洋型冰川区高海拔区输出水量变化对气候变暖的响应

通过丽江盆地气象水文观测资料研究发现: 冰雪消融加剧、融水增加, 漾弓江流域径流量明显上升; 高海拔冰雪区消融期提前, 春季径流增加明显; 高海拔冰雪区的径流输出对漾弓江流域水量平衡的贡献量逐年增加, 体现了全球气候变暖背景下高海拔冰雪区对整个流域水循环的重要性.对海螺沟流域实测气象水文资料的分析也表明, 气候变暖背景下, 该流域冰雪区水量输出也逐年上升.两流域高海拔区输出水量的剧烈增加, 明显响应了气候变暖, 表明了流域水循环的加速, 这必然将对区域的发展和资源开发产生重要影响.      

Numerical Model of Cnoidal Wave Flume

The volume of fluid(VOF)method is used to set up a wave flume with an absorbing wavemaker of cnoidal waves.Based on the transfer function between wave surface and paddle velocity obtained bythe shallow water wave theory,the velocity boundary condition of an absorbing wave maker is introduced toabsorb reflected waves that reach the numerical wave maker.For H/d ranging from 0.1 to 0.59 and T(g/d)~(1/2)from 7.9 to 18.3,the parametric studies have been carried out and compared with experiments.     

Comparison of Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods for Estimating Daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation(PAR)——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve,China

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),which are indispensable for simulating plant growth and productivity,are generally very scarce.This study aimed to compare two extrapolation and one interpolation methods for estimating daily PAR reaching the earth surface within the Poyang Lake national nature reserve,China.The daily global solar radiation records at Nanchang meteorological station and daily sunshine duration measurements at nine meteorological stations around Poyang Lake were obtain...     

The Statistical Relation of Shear Velocity with Soil Properties

Shear velocity is an important index for evaluating soil dynamic properties of the site.In thispaper,the statistical relation of shear velocity with soil properties is set up by statistical analysis of shearvelocities and relevant soil properties measured in Tianjin and Shanghai.The obtained formula has somereferential value for the evaluation and classification of the site in offshore areas of China.     

中国北方寒武—奥陶系岩溶层组类型及其区域变化规律

本文在大量剖面资料统计的基础上,根据岩层的厚度比例和连续厚度及其组合形式,对我国北方寒武—奥陶系岩溶层组类型进行了划分,着重论述了岩溶层组类型的区域变化规律。为含水层系统的划分和水资源评价及区域岩溶发育规律的研究,提供了重要的基础资料。      

中国低丰度大型岩性油气田形成条件和分布规律

我国低丰度岩性油气田具有很大的资源潜力和储量规模,在中、古生代地层均有广泛的分布,具备良好的油气地质背景和成藏条件,是未来油气勘探的重点领域,其形成条件及富集规律不明.本文在大量统计分析和地质研究的基础上,探讨了低丰度大油气田的形成条件、分布特征、富集规律和未来的勘探领域.研究指出了低丰度大型岩性油气田形成的几个地质背景:大面积高丰度烃源岩;平缓的构造格局;稳定的沉积背景;大规模的沉积体系;建设性成岩环境.系统分析了油气田形成控制因素和分布规律:1陆相(或海陆交互相)大型三角洲平原—前缘主河道砂体、海相高能相带(台缘礁滩、滨岸砂体)是大型岩性油气藏的有利分布区;2次生溶蚀相、白云岩化相、风化淋滤相、绿泥石薄膜胶结相和TSR相等建设性成岩作用是优质储层及大油气田分布的有利区;3古地形(古隆起、斜坡、起伏带、鼻隆等)、断裂(层/褶/坡/陷/块)带、构造反转带、裂缝发育带和地层剥蚀尖灭带是大型油气田形成的有利构造条件和富集地区;4低丰度大型岩性油气田的分布和富集普遍受控于构造、沉积和成岩三因素控制的“甜点”.研究成果可为寻找油气勘探的后备领域和储量接替提供理论基础和科学依据.     

江苏东海片麻状碱性花岗岩的地球化学及其构造指示意义

江苏东海地区构造上位于苏鲁造山带的西南缘,区内出露新元古代片麻状碱性花岗岩,其特征矿物组合为石英+钾长石+钠-更长石+霓(辉)石、亚铁钠闪石。地球化学上,该套岩石具有富硅(SiO2=73.43%~77.38%)、富碱(ALK=8.19%~9.53%),铁镁比值高[FeO*/(FeO*+MgO)=0.83~0.94],CaO、MgO含量低,富Ga、Y、Zr、Hf,贫Sr、P、Ti,镓铝比值高(104×Ga/Al=2.76~5.15),轻重稀土分馏显著[(La/Yb)N=2.08~17.89],并具有中—强的铕亏损(δEu=0.12~0.66)等特点。在花岗岩成因类型判别图解中,它们均投影在A型花岗岩区,结合岩石具有过碱(AKI=0.99~1.22)和相对贫铝(A/NKC=0.78~0.93)的化学组成特征,表明它们应属过碱性A型花岗岩。在微量元素蛛网图上,这套岩石表现出较明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,保留有先期“弧”岩浆作用产物的地球化学印记,其Y/Nb和Y/Ta值也较高(分别为1.85~9.72和4.71~30.14),在A型花岗岩岩石学亚类判别图解中,它们均投影在产于后造山环境的A2型花岗岩区。根据对矿物化学和全岩地球化学组成及产出动力地质背景的全面分析,表明这套岩石应形成于从碰撞造山转向伸展塌陷(collapse)的最早阶段,而不应是同裂谷阶段岩浆作用(syn-riftmagmatism)的产物。这一认识对于进一步了解新元古代苏鲁造山带的构造演化及深入探讨Rodinia超大陆的裂解机制具有重要意义。     

广西姑婆山花岗岩单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及全岩Sr-Nd同位素研究

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定表明,组成广西姑婆山花岗岩的东、西岩体和里松岩体的年龄分别为160.8±1.6Ma、165.0±1.9Ma、163.0±1.3Ma,在误差范围内基本一致,说明整个姑婆山岩体是同一时代的产物,是燕山中期第一阶段华南大规模陆壳重熔型花岗岩浆活动的产物。姑婆山花岗岩中的各个岩体虽然形成于同一时代,但它们之间在岩石学、地球化学特征方面有一定的差异。除了主微量元素、稀土元素特征有所不同外,Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素特征研究表明姑婆山西岩体的粗粒花岗岩、东岩体、里松岩体及其包体的平均(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7064、εNd(t)平均为-3.03,反映它们的源区有较多地幔物质组分参与;而姑婆山西岩体的细粒花岗岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7173、εNd(t)平均为-5.00,具强烈的Eu亏损、高Rb/Sr值等特征,它的源区可能是由一个相对古老地壳组分和年轻地幔组分组成的混合源区。此外,姑婆山东岩体(GP-1)中发现的继承锆石的206Pb/238U年龄为806.4Ma,与杭州—诸广山—花山花岗岩带(HZH)上的赣北九岭堇青石花岗岩、广西英桥混合花岗岩的年龄相似,为HZH带新元古代的岩浆活动提供了锆石年代学方面的依据。     

Influence of a Flood Event on Salinity and Nutrients in the Changshan Archipelago Area (Northern Yellow Sea)

River discharge can deliver nutrients to the coastal zone and change the hydrologic properties of the water column. Soon after a flash flood from the Yalu River (Northeast China) in August 2010, we investigated the salinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as other environmental conditions in the Changshan Archipelago area, located approximately 100 km west of the river mouth in the northern Yellow Sea. Diluted water was mainly observed in the upper layers shallower than 15 m, with surface salinity between 18.13 and 30.44 in the eastern study area and between 28.16 and 29.72 in the western area. Surface salinity showed a significant negative correlation with concentrations of dissolved nutrients (P < 0.05), but not with that of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), dissolved oxygen (DO), particulate materials or pH. The average concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and silicic acid decreased from the surface layer to bottom layer and were significantly higher in the east area than in the west area (P < 0.05). In contrast, average ammonium and phosphate concentrations were highest in the bottom layer of both areas, with no significant spatial differences. DO varied between 6.06 and 8.25 mg L-1 in the surface layer, and was significantly higher in the eastern area than in the western area in the surface and middle layers. Chl-a concentration was constantly below 4.09 μg L-1. Our work demonstrated the strong influences of Yalu River on proportions of various nutrient components in the Changshan Archipelago area. Silicic acid and total inorganic nitrogen levels were significantly elevated comparing to phosphate in the eastern area. Such changes can potentially induce phosphate limit to phytoplankton growth.     

光释光测年和孢粉分析揭示的晚冰期以来科尔沁沙地演化过程

利用光释光测年技术对科尔沁沙地的7个风成砂-砂质古土壤剖面进行年代测试,结合地层和孢粉分析得到晚冰期以来科尔沁沙地的演化过程如下:16~10 ka B.P.,风成砂出现,沙地活化;10~3 ka B.P.,砂质古土壤发育,沙地固定;约3 ka B.P.前后,风成砂出现,沙地活化;3 ka B.P.至今,多层弱发育砂质古土壤和风成砂的交替出现,指示晚全新世科尔沁沙地的多次固定与活化;从约4~2 ka B.P.,沙地环境由草甸草原逐渐退化为典型草原。分析表明,3 ka B.P.以前科尔沁沙地的演化完全受气候变化的控制,之后(尤其是辽代以后)人类活动的影响日益增强。