渤海银鲳肌肉生化成分分析与营养价值评价

研究采用现代生化分析方法,测定了渤海银鲳肌肉的营养成分,结果表明:肌肉含水量76.22%,蛋白质16.76%,脂肪5.03%,灰分1.31%,无氮浸出物0.68%;肌肉组织中的18种氨基酸中以谷氨酸含量最高,天冬氨酸次之,亮氨酸居于第三位;肌肉组织中的主要脂肪酸排列顺序如下:C18:1(n97)C16:0C22:6n3C16:1n7C18:0,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占脂肪酸总量的23.32%～33.15%,单烯酸(MUFA)占22.49%～29.97%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占13.11%～22.50%,EPA和DHA之和占7.18%～10.08%。根据1973年FAO/WHO推荐的必需氨基酸需要量模式对银鲳肌肉进行评价,氨基酸比值系数分为83,第一限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸。     

晚第三纪中国西北干旱化的发展及其与北极冰盖形成演化和青藏高原隆升的关系

对甘肃酉峰晚第三纪红土标准剖面的研究揭示出,该区红土下部（6.2MaB.P.前）是红化的土壤物质与其它物质一起经水流搬运（坡积作用为主）再堆积的产物;中部（6.2～3.4MaB.P.）未发现再搬运的痕迹,是风尘堆积经风化和频繁地下水位波动作用所形成,不具明显的土壤发生学层次,其中的碳酸盐富积层不是成壤碳酸盐,而与地下水作用密切相关;上部（34～2.6MaB.P.）是典型的风尘堆积-土壤序列。由于中国西北和中亚干旱区的存在是黄河中游风尘堆积的前提条件,该区风尘物质的堆积起始于6.2MaB.P.前后标志着源区干旱化的加剧,并已达到相当高的程度。对整个序列的分析表明,源区干旱化程度在6.2～5.4MaB.P.期间较高,此后降低,在3.4MaB.P.和2.6MaB.P.又两次显着增强。上述历史与北极冰盖的起源和演化历史具有高度的一致性,若干重大转变与青藏高原隆升也有时代上的耦合性。本文认为,北极冰盖的形成演化和高原隆升都是中国西北和中亚地区干旱化发展的重要驱动因素,二者对西伯利亚高压的形成和发展的影响及高原对暖湿气流的阻挡可能是导致于旱化的重要途径。     

芦山地震崩滑灾害空间分布及相关问题探讨

由于逆断层作用,2013年芦山M_S 7.0地震诱发的崩滑地质灾害分布表现出了明显的上盘效应与方向效应。在震后应急科考中未发现发震断层的地表破裂带,然而灾区大量出现的地震诱发滑坡、崩塌,加之密集的余震分布、地震烈度调查结果等,提供了确定芦山地震宏观震中、地震动错动方向以及研究地震发震构造等的诸多线索。 统计结果表明,芦山地震诱发的滑坡、崩塌具有明显的优势滑动方向（135°～144°）,该方向揭示了地震断层的错动方向,与震源机制解反映的一致,大体垂直于发震断层的走向;从地震诱发崩塌、滑坡灾害点的分布与密度判断,宏观震中位于宝盛乡北,在仪器记录震中东北约3.6km处;从余震群分布、地震诱发滑坡分布特点及地震等烈度线等,结合以往强震如汶川地震等的调查经验,推测当震级足够大时,发震断层地表破裂带可能通过地质灾害、余震密集区东侧的边缘地带,总体平行于双石-大川断裂。另外,通过分析地层岩性与崩滑地形条件之间的关联性,发现崩滑灾害在某些地层岩性中易发,灾害点呈线性排列的原因是不同地层岩性之间抗风化能力的差异性,造成在地层分界线上形成线性陡崖或高坡度地带,使之在强震作用下容易发生崩塌、滑坡。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界层序地层特征与储层发育规律

通过地震和测井层序地层分析,可在鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界识别出４个地震层序,层序界面均以区域性侵蚀面或河道冲刷面为边界。层序的发育特征反映了鄂尔多斯盆地在晚古生代经历了陆表海盆地的形成、发展、衰退和逐渐消亡的过程。储集层主要是石炭系的滨岸砂体、二叠系的河道砂体以及冲积扇砂体。在层序地层体制中,储层的纵向发育受基准面升降变化旋回的控制,而平面展布受古地貌的制约。通过地震与钻井的综合分析,具体预测出有利的储集砂体分布。     

Study on the simulation of acoustic logging measurements in horizontal and deviated wells

The conventional acoustic logging interpretation method, which is based on vertical wells that penetrate isotropic formations, is not suitable for horizontal and deviated wells penetrating anisotropic formations. This unsuitability is because during horizontal and deviated well drilling, cuttings will splash on the well wall or fall into the borehole bottom and form a thin bed of cuttings. In addition, the high velocity layers at different depths and intrinsic anisotropy may affect acoustic logging measurements. In this study, we examine how these factors affect the acoustic wave slowness measured in horizontal and deviated wells that are surrounded by an anisotropic medium using numerical simulation. We use the staggered-grid finite difference method in time domain (FDTD) combined with hybrid-PML. First, we acquire the acoustic slowness using a simulated array logging system, and then, we analyze how various factors affect acoustic slowness measurements and the differences between the effects of these factors. The factors considered are high-velocity layers, thin beds of cuttings, dipping angle, formation thickness, and anisotropy. The simulation results show that these factors affect acoustic wave slowness measurements differently. We observe that when the wavelength is much smaller than the distance between the borehole wall and high velocity layer, the true slowness of the formation could be acquired. When the wavelengths are of the same order (i.e., in the near-field scenarios), the geometrical acoustics theory is no longer applicable. Furthermore, when a thin bed of cuttings exists at the bottom of the borehole, Fermat's principle is still applicable, and true slowness can be acquired. In anisotropic formations, the measured slowness changes with increments in the dipping angle. Finally, for a measurement system with specific spacing, the slowness of a thin target layer can be acquired when the distance covered by the logging tool is sufficiently long. Based on systematical simulations with different dipping angles and anisotropy in homogenous TI media, slowness estimation charts are established to quantitatively determine the slowness at any dipping angle and for any value of the anisotropic ratio. Synthetic examples with different acoustic logging tools and different elastic parameters demonstrate that the acoustic slowness estimation method can be conveniently applied to horizontal and deviated wells in TI formations with high accuracy.     

“2002.6.30”滇中低涡暴雨的中尺度分析

利用MICAPS常规资料和GMS卫星云图，3830—C多普勒雷达观测资料，对2002年6月30日发生于滇中地区的暴雨天气过程进行诊断和分析，发现暴雨过程由中低层低涡切变造成，暴雨区与垂直速度及涡度所表现的强烈上升区对应，并伴有高能高湿条件；同时卫星云图上有中尺度低涡云团发展。多普勒雷达回波资料分析表明，暴雨过程中出现了明显的中尺度系统，如中尺度辐合线、中尺度气旋、逆风区等，具有典型的对流型特征。     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.     

Modeling impacts of vegetation in western China on the summer climate of northwestern China

Using the monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset, the monthly temperature and precipitation at surface stations of China, and the MM5 model, we examine impacts of vegetation cover changes in western China on the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China during the past 30 years. It is found that the summer atmospheric circulation, surface air temperature, and rainfall in the 1990s were different from those in the 1970s over northwestern China, with generally more rainfall and higher temperatures in the 1990s. Associated with these changes, an anomalous wave train appears in the lower troposphere at the midlatitudes of East Asia and the low-pressure system to the north of the Tibetan Plateau is weaker. Meanwhile, the South Asian high in the upper troposphere is also located more eastward. Numerical experiments show that change of vegetation cover in western China generally forces anomalous circulations and temperatures and rainfall over these regions. This consistency between the observations and simulations implies that the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China between the 1990s and 1970s may result from a change of vegetation cover over western China.     

乡村振兴背景下人口迁移对乡村转型发展影响的研究进展与展望

随着新时代乡村振兴战略的实施,中国已经进入乡村转型发展的快速转型阶段,人口迁移出现了新的分化与趋势。科学认知国内外人口迁移对乡村转型发展影响的研究进展对实施乡村振兴战略、调整城乡人口发展格局具有重要意义。系统梳理国内外城乡人口迁移研究的主要内容与研究视角基础上,从农村劳动力迁出与回流、逆城市化视角阐述了人口迁移对乡村转型发展影响的研究进展,最后基于新时代乡村振兴战略需求,提出了人口迁移与乡村转型发展关系的研究展望。     

三角洲感潮河段洪潮水位频率分析方法的初步研究

根据珠江三角洲感潮河段年最高洪潮水位存在长期上升趋势的事实，提出了河口区感潮河段洪潮水位频率分析一种新的计算方法，新方法的分析结果表明，未来不同年代同频率的设计洪潮水位各不相同，也存在相应的长期变化趋势。以灯笼山站为例，新方法计算的2030年和2050年的百年一遇设计洪潮水位分别为3.12m和3.28m，比传统频率分析方法计算的结果分别高出0.24m和0.40m。建立有关部门在制定河口区的防洪标准时，根据洪潮水位的长期变化趋势作相应的动态调整，以适应河口区洪潮水位变化的实际情况。