基于Smart3D的倾斜摄影测量模拟系统三维建模

以河南理工大学倾斜摄影测量模拟系统为实验平台,在室内空中轨道上搭载五镜头倾斜相机,模拟室外倾斜摄影测量获取沙盘模型影像,用Smart3D软件进行空中三角测量和三维建模,用实测检查点分析模型精度。实验结果表明,利用Smart3D对倾斜摄影测量模拟系统中的沙盘模型进行三维建模是可行的,精度可以达到毫米级。     

中国重晶石矿主要矿集区及其资源潜力探讨

将中国重晶石矿划分为5种矿床类型[沉积型、层控(内生)型、火山-沉积型、热液型和风化(残坡积)型]、14个矿床式[大河边式、湘黔式、秦巴式、李坊式、石榴村式、南庄坪式、顶罐坡式、大池山式、铺沟式、潘村式、宋官疃式、谭子山式、镜铁山式、象州式]、9个重晶石矿集区[甘南-陕西南-鄂北沉积型、黔东-湘西-桂北沉积型、鄂西南-川东南-黔中层控(内生)型、邢台-汲县-运城层控(内生)型、安丘-临沭-含山热液型、闽西南沉积型、桂粤热液型、锡铁山-镜铁山-青铜峡火山-沉积型、桂粤琼风化(残坡积)型]。通过研究典型矿床,总结其成矿规律,建立区域成矿模式,认为沉积型、层控型矿集区是重要的重晶石潜力地区,尚有一些有待开展工作的空白区,已有老矿山深部及外围仍有找矿潜力。     

短时强降水历史个例查询与潜势预报平台

短时强降水作为强对流的一种天气现象,是宿迁市较为常见的灾害性天气之一,常常对工农业生产、交通航运、建筑设施等造成影响。然而,预报一直是难点,因此如何利用现有的气象资料,开展短时强降水预报服务,并形成日常业务流程,对提高预报预警和防灾减灾能力十分重要。本文利用自动站逐时雨量资料、Micaps高低空和地面资料、NECP 1°× 1°的再分析资料和T213数值预报产品,基于Visual Basic语言开发了宿迁市短时强降水历史个例查询与潜势预报平台,以提高短时强降水预报质量,减少或避免气象灾害给社会经济造成的损失。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption in Chinese Mainland from 1995 to 2008 modeled using DMSP/OLS stable nighttime lights data

Electric power consumption (EPC) is one of the basic indices for evaluating electric power use. Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is crucial for understanding and practical deployment of electric power resources. In this study, an EPC model was developed using stable nighttime lights time-series data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). The model was used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of EPC in Chinese Mainland at the county level from 1995 to 2008. In addition, the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC were analyzed, and the following conclusions were drawn. (1) The EPC model reliably represented the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Chinese Mainland with approximately 70% accuracy. (2) The EPC in most regions of Chinese Mainland was at low to moderate levels, with marked temporal and spatial variations; of high-level EPC, 58.26% was concentrated in eastern China. Six urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, middle-south of Liaoning Province, and Sichuan Basin) accounted for 10.69% of the total area of Chinese Mainland but consumed 39.23% of the electricity. (3) The EPC of most regions in Chinese Mainland increased from 1995 to 2008, and 64% of the mainland area showed a significant increase in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC were found in 61.62% of eastern China and 80.65% of central China from 1995 to 2008, whereas 75.69% of western China showed no significant increase in EPC. Meanwhile, 77.27%, 89.35%, and 66.72% of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula, respectively, showed high-speed increases in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC occurred in 71.12% and 72.13% of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and middle-south of Liaoning Province, respectively, while no significant increase occurred in 56.34% of the Sichuan Basin.     

Modelling scenarios of land use change in northern China in the next 50 years

Modelling scenarios of land use change and their impacts in typical regions are helpful to investigate the mechanism between land use and ecological systems and process the land use allocation under the ecological security. A system dynamics (SD) model with the aim to modelling scenarios of land use change and assessing ecological impact in northern China in the next 50 years is developed here. The accuracy assessment with the historic data from 1990 to 2001 indicated the SD model is robust. After the different "what-if" scenarios controlled by GDP, population, market, and technology advancement were built, the different scenarios of land use change in northern China from 2000 to 2050 were simulated with their ecological impact assessed. The result suggested that such factors as GDP, population, market and technology have a strong relationship with land use structural change in northern China. It also indicated that such measures as strict controlling of population increase, importing some food to keep the supply-demand balance in the region, and improving agricultural technology will be the guarantee of regional sustainable development with fast economic growth and the obvious land use structural improvement at the same time.     

1995-2008 年中国大陆电力消费量时空动态

电力消费量是定量衡量电力消费状况的一个基本指标。及时、准确地获取电力消费量的时空动态信息,对于合理配置中国电力资源具有重要的理论和现实意义。利用DMSP/OLS 稳定夜间灯光时间序列数据,在县级尺度上模拟重建了中国大陆1995-2008 年电力消费的空间格局,揭示了中国大陆同期电力消费量的时空动态过程。结果表明：① 利用DMSP/OLS数据能够比较可靠地反映中国大陆1995-2008 年电力消费量的时空动态,精度达到70%左右,具有一定的可行性。② 中国大陆1995-2008 年电力消费量以中低消费级别为主,但空间分布差异明显,占全国总面积10.69%的京津唐、沪宁杭、珠三角、山东半岛、辽中南地区、四川盆地等六大城市群地区是中国电力消费最为集中的区域,共消耗了中国39.23%的电力资源。③ 中国大陆1995-2008 年电力消费量表现出比较明显的增长趋势,电力消费量呈明显增长趋势的区域面积占全国总面积的64.00%。     

差分式伸缩仪信号功率谱估计

介绍对信号进行功率谱估计的方法，对差分结构的伸缩仪3个月试验数据信号进行的功率谱估计表明,差分式结构能明显增强仪器的抗干扰能力和提高输出信号的信噪比。     

基于CEEMDAN和小波变换的地震信号随机噪声压制新方法

提出一种结合自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）和小波变换（WT）的地震信号去噪新方法CEEMDAN-WT。首先利用CEEMDAN将地震信号自适应地分解为若干个固有模态函数（IMF）和余量;然后计算各分量与原始信号的皮尔森相关系数,对处在不同相关系数阈值区间内的分量分别作小波滤波、维持原状及直接剔除等处理,并进行线性重构;最后构建样本熵变化量、互信息、信噪比等指标体系,定量评估去噪效果。模拟实验与实测数据（青海玛多地震）计算结果表明,与EMD、EEMD等方法相比,CEEMDAN-WT方法能有效抑制随机噪声的影响,提高信噪比,并且地震信号的精细化重构效果较好,信号有效成分得到较大保留。     

2013年4月29—30日景德镇地区锋面暴雨过程分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°格点数据以及FY-2E相当黑体亮温（TBB）资料,对2013年4月29—30日景德镇地区锋面暴雨产生的原因进行了初步分析。结果表明,500 hPa槽前负变高大值区诱使低层低值系统发展,850 hPa低涡沿切变线快速东移,配合西南急流的发展北伸,为暴雨区水汽辐合抬升提供了有利条件。伴随着冷锋南下,近地面层冷平流的侵入使得暖湿空气抬升,对流不稳定性增加,上升运动加强,是造成此次强降水的触发机制。景德镇上空不断有对流单体经过、东移,是造成景德镇地区出现暴雨的直接原因,强降水大多出现在TBB低值附近或其梯度区。此次暴雨过程水汽主要来自超低空急流输送,925 hPa水汽通量散度与暴雨落区、强度对应关系较好。     

城市和森林空气负离子浓度与气象环境关系的通径分析

气象环境与负氧离子浓度关系存在很多的不确定性。利用宿迁市城市和森林区一年负离子观测资料和气象观测资料,使用通径分析方法,结果表明空气负氧子浓度会随着时间、环境的改变而有所不同,森林区的空气负离子浓度要高于城市区,而且这种负离子浓度的差异在夏、秋季节更为明显。气象环境中总云量、平均风速和日照百分率同城市和森林空气负离子浓度相关性不显著。日平均水汽压既是对大气负离子浓度作用最大的直接因子,也是最大的间接因子;日平均气温对城市和森林区负离子浓度具有仅次于平均水汽压的直接效应。城市区和森林区气象要素对负离子浓度的剩余通径系数达到0．8以上,表明气象因子对大气负离子浓度的影响较轻,环境中可能存在影响空气负离子浓度的其他重要因素。