基于飞机观测资料的石家庄秋季对流层CH4垂直分布特征

为研究石家庄秋季对流层内CH₄垂直分布特征,2018年9月使用“空中国王350”飞机搭载Picarro温室气体在线观测仪和气象要素观测设备,对石家庄上空（600—5500 m）CH₄浓度进行探测。探测期间共飞行7架次,取得7条CH₄浓度廓线数据。结果表明: 石家庄上空近地面层（1000 m以下）CH₄平均浓度与同时间段区域背景站上甸子站CH₄浓度呈显著正相关（r=0.81,P < 0.03）。探测到的CH₄浓度最小值为1898×10^-9摩尔分数,最大值为2219×10^-9摩尔分数,平均浓度为1981×10^-9摩尔分数。观测得到的7条廓线均有较好的一致性,2000 m以上,浓度均随高度呈先增大后减小的趋势。利用后向轨迹模式（HYSPLIT）对探测时段内石家庄上空不同高度层主要气流传输路径进行统计分析表明,600 m高度输送路径较短,CH₄浓度受本地排放影响较大; 3000 m受输送作用影响较大,偏西和西南路径可能将较高CH₄浓度气团输送至石家庄上空; 5000 m气团传输对CH₄浓度影响较小,浓度相对较稳定,对传输路径的变化不敏感。     

起伏地形下重庆市水汽压的空间分布

利用重庆市1∶25万电子地图和100m×100m分辨率的DEM资料,建立了基于常规气象观测资料的实际起伏地形下重庆市水汽压空间分布模型,计算了重庆市各月月平均和年平均水汽压的空间分布,并完成其制图同时详细分析了重庆市实际地形下水汽压的空间分布。分析表明:随着海拔高度的增加,水汽压逐渐减小;各月水汽压的最小值出现在东北山区;重庆市水汽压的季节变化很明显。     

淮河流域地下水资源调查评价与利用研究

在查明淮河流域地下水各含水岩组的水文地质特征、水资源总量、开采现状及存在的环境地质问题的基础上,对该区域地下水资源开发利用潜力进行了详细的评价,并提出了相应的治理措施及促进地下水资源可持续利用的对策,为该区未来更长时期水资源的合理配置和以水资源的可持续利用支撑经济社会的可持续发展提供科学依据。     

雪峰隆起北部地区构造基本特征及与海相油气关系

雪峰隆起是扬子准地台与南华褶皱系的分界单元,经历晋宁晚期古隆起、加里东期末局部隆起和中生代全面隆起3个阶段的演化历程,上叠中生代陆相盆地。雪峰山构造带主要为陆内造山带,据变形特征从NW至NE划分为3个平行的NNE-NEE向弧形构造带。呈现出从中深层次韧性、脆韧性-中浅层次韧脆性变形-浅层次脆性变形的变化规律。雪峰山及邻区推滑覆构造十分发育,主要形成于中生代,组成不对称背冲式扇形雪峰推滑覆构造系。雪峰隆起西侧武陵坳陷为被动陆缘区,有下、上两大套海相生储盖组合及加里东期、印支期、中生代等三大油气形成阶段。雪峰山隆起及其邻区侏罗山式褶皱及推覆构造发育,其下可能保存部分残存海相油气藏。     

Relation between temperature changes of the mid-upper troposphere over Eurasian mid-high latitudes and solar irradiance in the twentieth century

The δ¹⁸O data obtained from an 18.7 m ice core drilled in Chongce Ice Cap at an elevation of 6,530 m a.s.l. in the West Kunlun Mountains on the northern Tibetan Plateau show a strong correlation with the summer temperature of the middle to upper troposphere over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia. Based on this, the δ¹⁸O record can be used as a proxy of the June–September mean temperature of the mid-upper troposphere (MUT) from 1903 to 1992. The time span of the ice core record is much longer than the meteorological data available only after 1948. Using the empirical mode decomposition method (EMD), the δ¹⁸O record is decomposed into various frequency components and compared with the solar irradiance variations of the same period. The results show that (1) The June–September mean temperature of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes is completely decomposed into four IMF (intrinsic mode function) components and an increasing trend. (2) Solar irradiance is decomposed into the Schwabe cycle, the Hale cycle, the Gleissberg cycle, and an increasing trend. (3) The correlation coefficients between the June and September mean temperatures of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes and solar irradiance on the longer timescales (at least more than 11-year) show the significant correlations; their phase changes are basically identical in general, and (4) the 11-year Schwabe cycle exists in the June–September mean temperature of the MUT over Eurasian mid-high latitudes during most of the time from 1903 to 1992, and only in the two high-temperature phases (1929–1944 and from 1975 to the present) may global warming disturb this relation. A full understanding of this phenomenon would shed insight into the potential consequence of global warming on the MUT.     

The Meteoritical Bulletin,No. 111

Meteoritical Bulletin 111 contains the 3094 meteorites approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society in 2022. It includes 11 falls (Antonin, Botohilitano, Cranfield, Golden, Great Salt Lake, Longde, Msied, Ponggo, Qiquanhu, Tiglit, Traspena), with 2533 ordinary chondrites, 165 HED, 123 carbonaceous chondrites (including 4 ungrouped), 82 lunar meteorites, 28 Rumuruti chondrites, 27 iron meteorites, 23 ureilites, 22 mesosiderites, 22 Martian meteorites, 21 primitive achondrites (one ungrouped), 17 ungrouped achondrites, 13 pallasites, 7 enstatite achondrites, 6 enstatite chondrites, and 5 angrites. Of the meteorites classified in 2022, 1787 were from Antarctica, 1078 from Africa, 180 from South America, 34 from Asia, 6 from North America, 4 from Europe, and 1 from Oceania.     

Spatial patterns and environmental associations of deep scattering layers in the northwestern subtropical Pacific Ocean

The mesopelagic communities are important for food web and carbon pump in ocean, but the large-scale studies of them are still limited until now because of the difficulties on sampling and analyzing of mesopelagic organisms. Mesopelagic organisms, especially micronekton, can form acoustic deep scattering layers (DSLs) and DSLs are widely observed. To explore the spatial patterns of DSLs and their possible influencing factors, the DSLs during daytime (10:00–14:00) were investigated in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (13°–23.5°N, 153°–163°E) using a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler at 38 kHz. The study area was divided into three parts using k-means cluster analysis: the northern part (NP, 22°–24°N), the central part (CP, 17°–22°N), and the southern part (SP, 12°–17°N). The characteristics of DSLs varied widely with latitudinal gradient. Deepest core DSLs (523.5 m±17.4 m), largest nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) (130.8 m2/n mile2±41.0 m2/n mile2), and most concentrated DSLs (mesopelagic organisms gathering level, 6.7%±0.7%) were observed in NP. The proportion of migration was also stronger in NP (39.7%) than those in other parts (18.6% in CP and 21.5% in SP) for mesopelagic organisms. The latitudinal variation of DSLs was probably caused by changes in oxygen concentration and light intensity of mesopelagic zones. A positive relationship between NASC and primary productivity was identified. A four-months lag was seemed to exist. This study provides the first basin-scale baselines information of mesopelagic communities in the northwest Pacific with acoustic approach. Further researches are suggested to gain understandings of seasonal and annual variations of DSLs in the region.     

Intra-seasonal variability of the abyssal currents in COMRA’s contract area in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

In this paper, the intra-seasonal variability of the abyssal currents in the China Ocean Mineral Resources Association (COMRA) polymetallic nodule contact area, located in the western part of the Clarion and Clipperton Fraction Zone in the tropical East Pacific, is investigated using direct observations from subsurface mooring instruments as well as sea-surface height data and reanalysis products. Mooring observations were conducted from September 13, 2017 to August 15, 2018 in the COMRA contact area (10°N, 154°W). The results were as follows: (1) At depths below 200 m, the kinetic energy of intra-seasonal variability (20?100 d) accounts for more than 40% of the overall low-frequency variability, while the ratio reaches more than 50% below 2 000 m. (2) At depths below 200 m, currents show a synchronous oscillation with a characteristic time scale of 30 d, lasting from October to the following January; the energy of the 30-d oscillation increases with depth until the layer of approximately 4 616 m, and the maximum velocity is approximately 10 cm/s. (3) The 30-d oscillation of deep currents is correlated with the tropical instability waves in the upper ocean.     

长江口及邻近陆架海区夏季小型底栖动物群落结构研究

根据2006年7月13日至8月30日在长江口及邻近陆架海区采集的小型底栖动物样品,对小型底栖动物类群组成,丰度、生物量的水平分布和垂直分布以及调查海区的环境因子进行了研究。结果表明：研究海域小型底栖动物有线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、介形类、螨类、双壳类、腹毛类、动吻类、端足类和等足类等11个类群及无节幼体等。平均丰度为453.22±355.34 ind/10 cm2,最优势类群为线虫,占小型底栖动物总丰度的81.37%,次优势类群分别为底栖桡足类和多毛类,分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的10.13%和2.96%。平均生物量为622.65±505.07 μg/10 cm2,生物量占比最高的类群为多毛类,占总生物量的30.21%,其次分别为线虫和寡毛类,分别占小型底栖动物总生物量的23.69%和19.44%。水平分布上,从河口冲淡水区到东海陆架深水区,小型底栖生物丰度呈现由低到高的变化趋势,杭州湾小型底栖动物丰度为240.96±223.47 ind/10 cm2,长江口近岸区为442.91±304.16 ind/10 cm2,东海陆架深水区为865.42±553.88 ind/10 cm2。垂直分布上,小型底栖动物主要分布在0~2 cm层,丰度为290.28±250.03 ind/10 cm2;其次是2~5 cm层,丰度为132.81±128.74 ind/10 cm2;5~10 cm层分布最少,丰度为30.14±31.91 ind/10 cm2。其中线虫、多毛类、寡毛类与桡足类等主要类群的垂直分布与总分布趋势相同。与环境因子进行相关分析表明,调查海区小型底栖动物的丰度主要与水深、盐度和溶解氧显著相关,对小型底栖动物分布影响最大的环境因子组合为溶解氧和盐度。     

An Improved Time Domain Approach for Analysis of Floating Bridges Based on Dynamic Finite Element Method and State-Space Model

The floating bridge bears the dead weight and live load with buoyancy, and has wide application prospect in deep-water transportation infrastructure. The structural analysis of floating bridge is challenging due to the complicated fluid-solid coupling effects of wind and wave. In this research, a novel time domain approach combining dynamic finite element method and state-space model (SSM) is established for the refined analysis of floating bridges. The dynamic coupled effects induced by wave excitation load, radiation load and buffeting load are carefully simulated. High-precision fitted SSMs for pontoons are established to enhance the calculation efficiency of hydrodynamic radiation forces in time domain. The dispersion relation is also introduced in the analysis model to appropriately consider the phase differences of wave loads on pontoons. The proposed approach is then employed to simulate the dynamic responses of a scaled floating bridge model which has been tested under real wind and wave loads in laboratory. The numerical results are found to agree well with the test data regarding the structural responses of floating bridge under the considered environmental conditions. The proposed time domain approach is considered to be accurate and effective in simulating the structural behaviors of floating bridge under typical environmental conditions.