承压井水位对含水层潮汐应力响应是否满足不排水条件的检验

以Hsieh模型为基础,提出了利用地震前后承压井水位潮汐分波的振幅及初始相位变化与否作为判断依据,检验井水位对含水层潮汐应力响应是否满足不排水条件的简便方法.将该判别方法用于分析会理川-06井和川-18片水位观测数据,利用Baytap-G潮汐分析方法分别计算出3次选定地震前后两井水位各分波(M2和O1)振幅和相位值.结...     

广西富贺钟成矿区钨锡多金属成矿特征 及成矿模式

富贺钟成矿区位于桂东北灌阳、恭城、富川、贺州、钟山等地,属滨太平洋成矿域(I-4)华南成矿亚省(II-16)南岭成矿带(III-83)的南岭西段(湘西南-桂东北隆起)成矿亚带(Ⅲ-83-③)的四级成矿区之一(陈毓川等,2013)。该区广泛发育加里东期、印支期和燕山期花岗岩类侵入,伴随岩浆侵入,岩浆热液活动形成了一系列内生矿床及其风化矿床。其中,钨锡多金属矿成矿规模大,类型多,可划分为两个成矿系列类型,即与花岗岩类有关的矿床成矿系列类型及风化残积-坡积-沉积成矿系列类型。依岩浆侵入成矿时代、内生成矿作用及表生成矿作用特征,可将这两个系列类型的钨锡多金属矿划分为6个矿床式-加里东期社垌式矽卡岩-云英岩-石英脉型钨钼铜矿,印支期栗木式云英岩型-石英脉型钨锡铌钽矿,燕山早期可达式矽卡岩-石英脉型钨锡多金属矿,燕山晚期珊瑚式石英脉型钨锡锑多金属矿、姑婆山式离子吸附型稀土矿和富贺钟式风化壳残、坡积型砂锡矿。近年来,随着危机矿山接替资源的勘查以及找矿突破战略行动开展,广西在老矿区如恭城栗木、钟山珊瑚等和新矿区开展找矿突破,取得了丰硕成果,在本成矿区外南侧的苍梧县社垌取得了钨钼找矿新突破。更有各院校和勘查找矿单位的学者、研究人员长期坚持在该成矿区开展基础地质、专题研究和找矿勘查,取得了一批新的同位素年龄测定值,使得本成矿区成矿地质特征越来越研究得透彻,纷繁复杂的成矿规律更加有规可循。通过温故知新,在编写《中国矿产地质志·广西卷·钨 锡矿志》中得到了新的总结和认识,现将该成矿区钨锡多金属成矿特点及成矿模式归纳如下。     

叠合盆地多烃源层混源油定量判析——以准噶尔盆地东部彩南油田为例

准噶尔盆地东部地区彩南油田东块原油为二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩形成的混合原油。选择典型的二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系原油进行人工三元混合配比模拟实验表明,混合原油的全油碳同位素δ~(13)C值的变化与混入量呈直线关系,而Pr/Ph值、β-胡萝卜烷、甾烷与萜烷等各种生物标志物相对比值参数均呈不同的曲线关系变化。通过人工混合配比实验创建的三角形图版判别验证,彩南油田原油中侏罗系的平均贡献为65％左右,二叠系和三叠系的平均贡献分别为20％和15％左右。按照彩南油田原油全油碳同位素以及各类生物标志物参数的变化范围判别,侏罗系烃源岩的贡献为55％～70％左右,三叠系和二叠系均为10％～30％左右。     

疏勒河流域双塔灌区种植结构变化及其原因

基于1996-2010年双塔灌区各乡（镇）农作物类型、种植面积、供水定额、用水定额、作物单产及价格等资料,探讨了气候变化背景下农业种植结构调整原因及其影响。结果表明：研究区2010年作物种植面积较1996年增长2.3倍,其中粮食作物种植面积减少,经济作物和其他作物种植面积增加,农作物总产值和单位产值均明显提高,说明当地种植结构调整优化在产生经济效益方面效果明显。当地种植结构调整主要受自然条件、政策指导、历史根源、农民意愿、市场调节、灌溉供水条件等多方面因素的影响,其中自然条件中的水资源供应状况主要影响作物种植面积,其他因素影响作物种植类型。通过种植结构调整,当地农业产值在增长同时,用水紧张现象较以前有所缓解,地表水基本可以满足农田灌溉需求,减少了对地下水的使用,从而对保护当地生态具有重要意义。     

XLT-230型全液压旋喷履带钻机的设计

随着高压旋喷技术的发展,出现了新的双高压旋喷工艺即RJP工法,为了满足RJP工法施工的需求,设计研制了XLT-230型全液压旋喷履带钻机。该钻机操纵简单,满足RJP施工工艺,配套大扭矩、大通孔式动力头,具有间断提升、定向旋喷等功能,适合多种工程工况。详细论述了XLT-230型钻机的总体结构及技术参数、钻机主要部件的设计,介绍了整机的液压系统和电气系统。     

敦德冰芯中微粒含量与沙尘暴及气候的关系

在敦德冰芯不同粒径（＞２．０ｕｍ,２．０～２５ｕｍ,＞５．０４ｕｍ）的微粒数据处理基础上,进行了微粒的变化特征以及微粒所揭示的气候信息分析,并将其与小冰期以来的气候变化记录进行了对比．结果表明,微粒含量变化与极地微粒研究所得的结论基本一致,即微粒含量高时,气候多为冷干;微粒含量低时,气候多为暖湿微粒变化异常于这一规律时,多为尘暴发生之时微粒含量的多少与当地的大风强度、地形、尘暴的规模、频率和强度有关     

Experimental study of the instabilities of alongshore currents on plane beaches

A laboratory experiment on alongshore currents was conducted for two plane beaches, with gradients 1:40 and 1:100, to investigate the instability of alongshore currents. Complicated and strongly unstable alongshore current motions were observed. In order to clearly examine the spatial and temporal variations of the shear instability of the currents, digital images from a charge-coupled device (CCD) recorded the deformations of dye batches released in the surf zone. Some essential characteristics of the shear instability were obtained from analyses of images showing the temporal variation of the dye patches.A high-resolution spectral analysis technique (the maximum entropy method, or MEM) was used to analyze the dominant frequency of the observed oscillation, along with the trigonometric regression method for determining the variations of the oscillation strength in the cross-shore direction. The propagation speed of the dye patch was obtained by tracking the movement over time of fixed locations in the dye patch, such as its peak, in the longshore direction. This data was then fitted linearly.Alongshore and cross-shore velocity time series acquired from sensors showed clearly that large-amplitude, long-period (about 50 s or 100 s) oscillations were present for all sensors deployed in the cross-shore direction under regular and irregular wave conditions. The analysis found that the maximum shear wave amplitude was approximately one-sixth of the maximum for the mean alongshore current, and occurred approximately at the position of the maximum of the mean alongshore current for irregular waves. The spatial structure of the shear waves was studied by analyzing collected images of the dye patches. The phase velocity of the meandering movements was obtained by measuring the magnitude of the oscillations of the dye patches in the alongshore direction with respect to time. The results suggest that the propagation speed of the shear instability was approximately one-half to three-quarters of the maximum mean longshore current for both regular and irregular waves.Linear instability analysis theory was applied to the characteristics of alongshore current instability, which suggested that there are two instability modes related to the observed oscillations: the frontshear mode observed for the 1:100 slope, and the backshear mode observed for the 1:40 slope. Theoretical analyses agreed with the experimental results in both cases. The velocity profile of the mean longshore current was found to affect the instability mode significantly, leading to further investigations on the influence of the velocity profiles and to provide support for the above conclusions.     

乌冈栎的地理分布

利用植物地理学分布区理论与地理信息系统技术,整合相关标本信息和文献,对乌冈栎地理分布区进行研究。结果表明:1)乌冈栎水平地理分布以亚热带为主,水平分布范围在中国(23°―34°N,100°―120°E)和日本(26°―37°N,128°―140°E);垂直分布大多在海拔500m以上,少数地区可降至海拔200m,日本分布区海拔要低于中国。2)乌冈栎现代分布区可分为中国东部分布区、中国南部分布区、中国西部分布区、中国西南部分布区和日本分布区,而中国东部分布区是目前的分布中心。3)利用壳斗科化石资料,对乌冈栎起源演化及散布途径作了推断,对其起源时间、传播路线等进行了讨论。4)第三纪及第四纪气候的演变对乌冈栎现代地理分布格局有着重大影响,为适应气候变化,其形态特征与常绿硬叶栎类中的高山栎类植物有一定差别,并逐渐退出了高山分布的地理位置。乌冈栎是否传统观点认为的冬青栎东亚替代种还有待于进一步商榷。     

安固里淖干湖区土壤理化因子空间分布特征

对安固里淖干湖区的土壤粒度组成、含盐量、含水量、有机质和p H的空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,湖区内土壤主要以粉粒(0.002~0.05 mm)为主,湖区外围土壤主要以粉粒(0.002~0.05 mm)、极细砂(0.05~0.1 mm)和细砂(0.1~0.25 mm)为主,湖区东部土壤比西部土壤质地更细。土壤含水量由湖区内部向外围逐渐减小,但湖岸边缘土壤含水量最高。研究区土壤盐碱化现象明显,含盐量和p H都较高,湖区东部土壤含盐量和p H都高于西部。研究区土壤有机质含量总体偏低,与西部相比,干湖区东部土壤有机质含量较高。研究区土壤含盐量、含水量与p H显著正相关,有机质含量与p H显著负相关。