近57年巴彦淖尔市平均最高最低气温及日较差变化

利用1954年-2010年内蒙古巴彦淖尔市9个台站的月平均最高、最低气温观测资料,对巴彦淖尔市年、季平均最高、最低气温变化趋势的空间分布状况和时间变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,近57年来,巴彦淖尔市年平均最高气温的变化特征呈现北部增暖幅度明显大于南部,且近十年呈弱降温趋势;年平均最低气温与全国各地基本一致,呈明显的变暖趋势;无论是年还是季,平均最低气温的增暖幅度明显大于平均最高气温的增幅;年平均日较差多呈下降趋势,并在北部地区尤为明显,各季平均日较差亦均呈下降趋势,并以冬季的下降幅度为最大;年平均最高气温和最低气温的变化在年代际变化上基本呈现较为一致的变化,即57年来主要的变暖均是从20世纪80年代中期开始,均在90年代后期达到了近57年来的历史新高,最高气温近十年来又略有回落。     

襄垣县54年气温降水特征对农作物影响

本文对襄垣县1957年-2010年的气温降水特征进行了分析,并对气候变化给当地农作物带来的影响进行了评价。分析表明,襄垣县近54年来年平均气温可分为一个冷期和一个暖期,且整体以0．3℃／10a的倾向率上升,春、秋、冬季气温变化趋势与年平均气温变化趋势一致,夏季则相反;年平均降水可分为两个多雨期和两个少雨期,并以-11．56mm／10a的倾向率减少,夏、秋季降水变化趋势与年降水变化趋势一致,春、冬季则相反;气候变化给当地农作物增产稳产带来了不利影响。     

上海世博园风廓线雷达TWP3发射机控制系统设计与实现

介绍坐落在上海世博园内TWP3边界层风廓线雷达系统发射机控制系统设计思路及其功能特点。控制系统基于FPGA和单片机的程序控制实现手段。系统功能包括状态监控、射频通路控制、故障诊断定位、自动保护和自修复。发射机的各个监控量会在本机液晶屏幕显示以便用户的使用和观察,同时将重要的参数上传等。该控制系统自身监控功能的完善,对于发射机本身的调试以及在整个雷达系统的联合调试测量中都起到了至关重要的辅助作用。     

基于低碳经济视角的上海创意产业园区发展研究

本文首先以产业调整为纽带,结合上海创意产业园区发展实践,建立了创意产业与低碳经济概念的理论联系性。然后通过对两者特征契合性的进一步分析,以及M50创意园区案例研究,证实了发展创意产业园区是上海遵循低碳经济要求、建设低碳城市的有效途径之一。最后,基于此认识本文从低碳经济视角提出了一些今后上海发展创意产业园区的建议。     

基于“3S”技术的大伙房水库汇水区农村生活污染负荷分析

运用ArcGIS软件解译大伙房水库汇水区的卫星影像数据,结合行政区划图确定汇水区3条主要河流两岸1 000m为农村生活污染负荷评估范围,采用排污系数法估算农村生活污染负荷.结果表明,研究区农村生活污染负荷为8 420.28t/a,其中,生活污水的污染负荷占总量的99.40％.农村生活污染对流域水质的贡献率为27.84％,所排放的污染物对河流的贡献率大小依次是氨氮(34.95％)、总磷(27.81％)、化学需氧量(25.53％)和总氮(23.08％),农村生活污染已成为大伙房水库汇水区水体污染的重要源.     

阿特拉津低温降解菌的筛选及降解机理研究

以阿特拉津为唯一氮源, 在低温条件下(10℃),从吉林市污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离、筛选出1株能够高效降解地下水中阿特拉津的菌株W4.通过16S rDNA碱基测序和比对,初步确定该菌为假单胞菌属;通过室内降解条件优化,确定W4的最佳降解条件:初始pH范围为7～9,最佳碳源为蔗糖和乳糖,最佳碳源加入量为0.4 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,W4对初始质量浓度为34 mg/L、22 mg/L和10 mg/L的阿特拉津的生物降解反应符合零级反应动力学方程,对初始质量浓度为5 mg/L的阿特拉津的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学方程.GC/MS分析结果显示,菌株W4降解阿特拉津遵循氯水解途径,代谢产物为2-羟基-4-乙胺基-6-异丙胺基-1,3,5-三嗪.     

科尔沁沙地奈曼地区地下水水质时空变化特征

区域地下水水质是水质评价的重要内容,也是合理制定地下水开发利用及保护治理方案的基本前提。以科尔沁沙地奈曼地区地下水水质为研究对象,选取2005-2014年地下水水质监测数据,分析地下水水质时空变化特征。结果表明：近10年来奈曼地区地下水水质各指标均值均低于地下水Ⅱ类标准,pH值、NO₃^-含量、化学需氧量（COD_cr）在局部地区出现超标现象,但水质总体较好;该地区地下水矿化度（TDS）与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄²⁺浓度及COD_cr具有明显的正相关关系,即随着Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄²⁺、COD_cr浓度的增加,TDS也会增加;各主要指标浓度随时间呈下降趋势,SO₄²⁺、Na⁺、HCO₃^-浓度及TDS较稳定,而Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、PO₄^3-浓度及COD_cr随时间变化较为明显;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺ 、HCO₃^-、SO₄²⁺浓度及TDS农田非灌溉井> 农田灌溉井> 沙地水位井,Na⁺、COD_cr浓度沙地水位井> 农田非灌溉井> 农田灌溉井,NO₃^-浓度沙地水位井> 农田灌溉井> 农田非灌溉井;该地区地下水水质变化主要与碳酸盐岩溶解、农药化肥的使用、工业及生活污水排放有关。     

Overview on China’s Rare Earth Industry Restructuring and Regulation Reforms

Rare earth elements (REEs) that are key to new technologies and green innovations are critical to life in modern societies. China continues to dominate the global REEs market despite several international trade disputes and market fluctuations. Pressured by an increasingly difficult situation, the Chinese government has been carrying out industry restructuring and has introduced regulatory reforms in recent years to promote the healthy development of the rare earth industry. This paper reviews the literature on the development of the rare earth industry and analyzes the reform policies, combining this with an analysis of relevant macroeconomic data. It discusses the current status of China's rare earth industry, the progress of industrial restructuring and the main problems the rare earth industry faces. The paper discusses the evolution of rare earth policies from that of "open production and open supply" to that of "limiting low quality development but encouraging export of high quality rare earths" and then to "integrating rare earth resources trade". Six key policies, including those for export quotas, export duties, environmental laws, resource utilization technology, industry consolidation and stockpiling, are discussed in detail. Policy suggestions based on this discussion are put forward concerning the treatment of small rare earth mines in China: firstly, robust efforts to prevent illegal mining must always be maintained; secondly, it is certain that the formation of large-scale conglomerates should be accelerated in the near future; thirdly, the management of key sections should be reinforced; fourthly, support for technological innovation and the development of the applications industry should continue; fifthly, specific rare earths laws and regulations should be greatly improved. The paper also puts forward some suggestions on revisions to improve mineral resources law: firstly, China must increase the market access threshold and suppress low-end excess production capacity; secondly, the new environmental protection verification must be developed for all rare earth enterprises; thirdly, minimum required indicators for the development and utilization of rare earths resources must be implemented in China. These recommendations can serve as a reference for efforts to promote the sustainable development of China's rare earth industry.     

Evolution of pore fluid of low porosity and permeability reservoir in Qinnan Sag:a case study of 29-2 structure in Qinhuangdao area

The southeast depression of Qinnan Sag is a potential oil-gas exploration region in the Bohai Sea area.With the analysis of large quantity of rock thin sections, scanning electron microscope and the physical property data of reservoir, the authors studied the petrological characteristics and the evolution of pore and fluid of sandstone in the deeper strata in 29-2 structure in Qinhuangdao area.The results show that the evolutionary tendency of Paleogene sandstone reservoir porous fluid in research area is changed from alkaline porous fluid to acidic porous fluid, and back to alkaline porous fluid.There are three stages of reservoir porous evolution in Qinhuangdao area, namely sharp decrease in porosity due to mechanical compaction, increase in porosity because of corrosion and dissolution, and remarkable reduction owing to carbonate cementation.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙粒胶结体的粒度特征

对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙粒胶结体进行溶蚀分散获取组成沙粒,采用激光粒度仪分析粒度成分,并与区域内沙丘沙、垄间平地沙和风沙流输沙的粒度特征进行对比,分析沙粒胶结体的粒度特征。结果表明：（1）沙粒胶结体中沙粒粒径呈多峰态分布,垄间平地沙呈双峰态分布,而沙丘沙和风沙流输沙呈单峰态分布;（2）沙粒胶结体内沙粒分选性较差,偏度属正偏,平均粒径（3.17 Φ）介于沙丘沙（3.10 Φ）和垄间地沙（3.28 Φ）、风沙流输沙（3.67 Φ）之间;（3）沙粒胶结体中沙物质主要组分为细沙和极细沙,与沙丘沙、垄间平沙地沙一致,而与风沙流输沙（极细沙和粉沙）不一致。与沙丘沙、垄间平地沙以及风沙流输沙相比,沙粒胶结体中粉沙、黏土和中沙相对富集,是现代地表物质的混合物;（4）与沙丘沙、垄间平地沙和风沙流输沙相比,沙粒胶结体内沙粒的蠕移-跃移、跃移-悬移截点粒径均偏细,蠕移组分所占比重很高。从组成颗粒的粒度组成来看,沙粒胶结体的形成受局地沙源和风动力的共同影响,是特殊环境条件下现代地表过程的产物。