甘肃北祁连山错沟-寺大隆铜(锌)成矿带区域地质背景及找矿方向

甘肃省错沟-寺大隆铜(锌)成矿带位于奥陶纪弧后盆地和岛弧扩张脊火山岩带内,沿成矿带分成有5个矿化集中区,区内典型矿床研究表明:矿床形成于强烈拉张的构造背景,赋存在蛇绿岩套中-上部的基性火山熔岩-火山碎屑沉积岩中,受古火山机构和其原生构造裂隙控制.根据控矿条件分析,今后有必要对蛇绿岩套发育、存在以Cu为主的化探异常、海底热液喷流标志明显的摆浪沟地区和小砂石地区进行深入的找矿工作.     

改进的双参数层状地基模型

文克尔地基模型广泛应用于弹性地基梁、板的设计计算,但由于该模型过于简化,不能正确反映地基土的工程性质。为此,提出了一种改进的双参数层状地基模型。该模型是Vlazov模型的延伸和发展,由一系列的弹性层组成,对每一层的应力应变分布做了一定的假设。通过积分变换的方法,可以求出该模型每一层表面位移与力的关系,进而形成层刚度矩阵。按照有限元法的原理,将每一层的刚度矩阵凝聚成总体刚度矩阵求解,与Vlazov模型计算结果的比较,证明该方法是正确的,还得到了荷载作用于层状地基模型内部的解,为双参数层状地基模型用于桩基分析打下了理论基础。     

填充沟屏障远场被动隔振三维分析

把填充沟看作存在于弹性半空间的异质体,运用瑞利波散射的积分方程,对填充沟连续屏障远场被动隔振进行了三维分析,详细讨论了影响隔振效果的几个主要参数。研究表明,刚性材料比柔性材料具有更好的隔振效果,在隔振设计时应选择刚性屏障材料;填充沟的深度在一倍瑞利波波长内对隔振效果有较大影响,并且与宽度一起决定其隔振效果,但当屏障深度超过一倍瑞利波波长后,屏障深度对隔振效果的影响很小。     

Using hydrogeochemical data to trace groundwater flow paths in a cold alpine catchment

Significant uncertainty remains in understanding the groundwater flow pathways in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data as well as hydrogeological data were combined to explore the groundwater flow path in a representative cold alpine catchment in the headwater region of the Heihe River. The results indicate that the suprapermafrost groundwater chemical components were mainly affected by calcite dissolution and evaporation, whereas the geochemistry of subpermafrost groundwater was controlled by dolomite and gypsum dissolution, calcite precipitation, and albite and halite dissolution. Distinct hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling processes suggest a poor hydraulic connectivity between the suprapermafrost and subpermafrost groundwater. The hydraulic connectivity between permafrost groundwater and groundwater in the seasonally frozen area was confirmed by their similar hydrogeochemical features. In the seasonally frozen area, a silty clay layer with low permeability separates the aquifer into the deep (depth >20 m) and shallow (depth <20 m) flow paths. The deep groundwater was characterized by the enhanced dedolomitization and enhanced cation exchange processes compared with the shallow groundwater. Groundwater in the seasonally frozen area finally discharges as base flow into the stream. These results provide useful information about the groundwater flow systems in the unique alpine gorge catchments in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The above findings suggest that the permafrost distribution and the aquifer structures within the seasonally frozen area have significant impact on groundwater flow paths. Cross‐validation by drilling work and hydrograph data confirms that the hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers combined with field investigations can be relatively low‐cost tools in interpreting the groundwater flow paths in similar alpine catchments.     

The carbonate system in the East China Sea in winter

Measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH, total alkalinity (TA), and partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) were conducted at a total of 25 stations along four cross shelf transects in the East China Sea (ECS) in January 2008. Results showed that their distributions in the surface water corresponded well to the general circulation pattern in the ECS. Low DIC and pCO₂ and high pH were found in the warm and saline Kuroshio Current water flowing northeastward along the shelf break, whereas high DIC and pCO₂ and low pH were mainly observed in the cold and less saline China Coastal Current water flowing southward along the coast of Mainland China. Difference between surface water and atmospheric pCO₂ (ΔpCO₂), ranging from ~ 0 to ? 111 μatm, indicated that the entire ECS shelf acted as a CO₂ sink during winter with an average flux of CO₂ of ?13.7 ± 5.7 (mmol C m^? 2 day^? 1), and is consistent with previous studies. However, pCO₂ was negatively correlated with temperature for surface waters lower than 20 °C, in contrast to the positive correlation found in the 1990s. Moreover, the wintertime ΔpCO₂ in the inner shelf near the Changjiang River estuary has appreciably decreased since the early 1990s, suggesting a decline of CO₂ sequestration capacity in this region. However, the actual causes for the observed relationship between these decadal changes and the increased eutrophication over recent decades are worth further study.