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91.
A water quality investigation was carried out in the Deoria district, Ganga plain, to assess the suitability of surface and
groundwaters for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. As much as 50 representative samples from river and groundwater
were collected from various stations to monitor the water chemistry of various ions, comprising Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3
−, SO4
2−, NO3
−, Cl−, F−, and trace metals, such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The results showed that electrical conductance (EC), total dissolved
solids (TDS), HCO3
−, Mg2+, Na+, and total hardness (TH) are above the maximum desirable limit, and apart from Fe and Mn all other trace metals are within
the maximum permissible limit for drinking water. The calculated values for sodium absorption ratio (SAR), salinity, residual
sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) indicate well to permissible use of water for irrigation. High values
of Na%, RSC, and Mg-hazard (MH) at some stations restrict its use for agricultural purpose. Anthropogenic activities affect
the spatial variation of water quality. Economic and social developments of the study area is closely associated with the
characteristics of the hydrological network. 相似文献
92.
Dissolved proteins in seawater samples collected from a coastal area of Tokyo Bay, Sagami Bay and a location off the Kuroshio
Current were investigated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high
resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Four to nine protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE in the apparent molecular
weight (MW) range from 12 kilo Dalton (kDa) to 49 kDa. The 2-DE technique distinguished 10 to 46 protein spots exhibiting
isoelectric point (pI)/MW ranging 4.3–9.2/12–63 kDa. The elecrophoretic patterns were similar between the coastal and pelagic samples, as well
as previously reported patterns from various pelagic areas. The close similarity of electrophoretic mobility on both SDS-PAGE
and 2-DE gels indicates the compositional homogeneity of dissolved proteins in seawater throughout a broad range of marine
environments. Proteinaceous dissolved organic matter (DOM) that was unresolved and smeared staining characteristics on both
SDS-PAGE and 2-DE gels was first observed in Tokyo Bay waters in the present study and its possible sources are discussed.
Although the two protein species, 48 kDa and 39 kDa proteins, have been identified as homologues of Porin P and low molecular
weight-alkaline phosphatase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, respectively, four strains of P. aeruginosa and two species of Pseudomonas spp. have been newly identified as the source organisms of these proteins using the N-terminal amino acid sequence data determined in previous studies. 相似文献
93.
QiaoQin Xie TianHu Chen XiaoChun Xu ChengSong Qing HuiFang Xu YuBing Sun JunFeng Ji 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):313-322
The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite,
hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evolution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis,
using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages
among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has
occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess
Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim,
and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol,
and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence
of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772032 and 40573054) and National Basic Research Program
(Grant No. 2007CB815603) 相似文献
94.
Weqiang Zhang Qiang Sun Yuliang Zhang Lei Xue Fanfan Kong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):350
The evolution of porosity and changes in wave velocity in granite after high-temperature treatment has been experimentally investigated in different studies. Statistical analysis of the test results shows that there is a temperature threshold value that leads to variations in porosity and wave velocity. At a temperature that is less than 200 °C, the porosity of granite slowly increases with increases in temperature, while the wave velocity decreases. When the temperature is greater than 200 °C (especially between 400 and 600 °C), the porosity quickly increases, while the wave velocity substantially decreases. The temperature ranges of room temperature to 200 and 200–400 °C correspond to the undamaged state and the micro-damage state, respectively. The results confirm that there is an important link between the variations of physical and mechanical properties in response to thermal treatment. By studying the relationships among rock porosity, wave velocity and temperature, this provides the basis for solving multi-variable coupling problems under high temperatures for the thermal exploitation of petroleum and safe disposal of nuclear waste. 相似文献
95.
Rock slope stability is of great concern along highway routes as stability problems on cut slopes may cause fatal events as well as loss of property. In rock slope engineering, stability evaluations are commonly performed by means of analytical or numerical analyses, principally considering the factor of safety concept. As a matter of fact, the probabilistic assessment of slope stability is progressively getting popularity due to difficulties in assigning the most appropriate values to design parameters in analytical or numerical methods. Additionally, the effect of heterogeneities in rock masses and discontinuities on the analysis results is minimized through the probabilistic concept. In this study, slope stability of high and steep sedimentary rock cut slopes along a state highway in Adilcevaz-Bitlis (Turkey) was evaluated on the basis of probabilistic approach using the Slope Stability Probability Classification (SSPC) system. The probabilistic assessment indicates major slope stability problems because of discontinuity controlled and discontinuity orientation independent mass movements. Almost all studied cut slopes suffer from orientation-independent stability problems with very low stability probabilities. Additionally, the probability of planar and toppling failures is significantly high with respect to the SSPC system. The stability problems along the investigated rock slopes were also verified by field reconnaissance. Remedial measures such as slope re-design and reinforcement at the studied locations should be taken to prevent hazardous events along the highway. On the other hand, the probabilistic approach may be a useful tool during rock slope engineering to overcome numerous uncertainties when probabilistic and analytic results are compared. 相似文献
96.
Mourad Essalhi Stanislas Sizaret Luc Barbanson Yan Chen France Lagroix François Demory José M. Nieto Reinaldo Sáez M. Ángeles Capitán 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(8):981-999
In the Rio Tinto district of the Iberian Pryrite Belt of South Spain, the weathering of massive sulfide bodies form iron caps,
i.e., true gossans and their subsequent alteration and re-sedimentation has resulted in iron terraces, i.e., displaced gossans.
To study the stucture and evolution of both types of gossans, magnetic investigations have been carried out with two foci:
(1) the characterisation and spatial distribution of magnetic fabrics in different mineralised settings, including massive
sulfides, gossans, and terraces, and (2) paleomagnetic dating. Hematite has been identified as the suceptibility carrier in
all sites and magnetic fabric investigation of four gossans reveals a vertical variation from top to bottom, with: (1) a horizontal
foliation refered to as “mature” fabric in the uppermost part of the primary gossans, (2) highly inclined or vertical foliation
interpreted as “immature” fabric between the uppermost and lowermost parts, and (3) a vertical foliation interpreted to be
inherited from Hercynian deformation in the lowermost part of the profiles. In terraces, a horizontal foliation dominates
and is interpreted to be a “sedimentary” fabric. Rock magnetic studies of gossan samples have identified goethite as the magnetic
remanence carrier for the low-temperature component, showing either a single direction close to the present Earth field (PEF)
direction or random directions. Maghemite, hematite, and occasionally magnetite are the remanence carriers for the stable
high-temperature component that is characterized by non PEF directions with both normal and reversed magnetic polarities.
No reliable conclusion can be yet be drawn on the timing of terrace magnetization due to the small number of samples. In gossans,
the polarity is reversed in the upper part and normal in the lower part. This vertical distribution with a negative reversal
test suggests remanence formation during two distinct periods. Remanence in the upper parts of the gossans is older than in
the lower parts, indicating that the alteration proceeded from top to bottom of the profiles. In the upper part, the older
age and the horizontal “mature” fabric is interpreted to be a high maturation stage of massive sulfides’ alteration. In the
lower part, the age is younger and the inherited “imature” vertical Hercynian fabric indicates a weak maturation stage. These
two distinct periods may reflect changes of paleoclimate, erosion, and/or tectonic motion. 相似文献
97.
98.
Wilfred H. Sorrell 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2009,323(2):205-211
Almost all astronomers now believe that the Hubble recession law was directly inferred from astronomical observations. It
turns out that this common belief is completely false. Those models advocating the idea of an expanding universe are ill-founded
on observational grounds. This means that the Hubble recession law is really a working hypothesis. One alternative to the
Hubble recession law is the tired-light hypothesis originally proposed by Zwicky (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 15:773, 1929). This hypothesis leads to a universe that is an eternal cosmos continually evolving without beginning or end. Such a universe
exists in a dynamical state of virial equilibrium. Observational studies of the redshift-magnitude relation for Type Ia supernovae
in distant galaxies might provide the best observational test for a tired-light cosmology. The present study shows that the
model Hubble diagram for a tired-light cosmology gives good agreement with the supernovae data for redshifts in the range
0<z<2. This observational test of a static cosmology shows that the real universe is not necessarily undergoing expansion nor
acceleration.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
99.
Basab Mukhopadhyay Manoj Mukhopadhyay Sujit Dasgupta 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(2):131-146
The plate margin features defining the Arabian Sea Triple Junction (ASTJ) are: the Aden Ridge (AR), Sheba Ridge (SR) with
their intervening Alula-Fartak Transform (AFT), Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ). Exact nature of ASTJ is
presently debated: whether it is RRF (ridge-ridge-fault) or RRR (ridge-ridge-ridge) type. A revised seismicity map for ASTJ
is given here using data for a period little more than a century. “Point density spatial statistical criterion” is applied
to short-listed 742 earthquakes (mb ≥ 4.3), 10 numbers of spatio-temporal seismic clusters are identified for ASTJ and its
arms. Relocated hypocentres help better constraining the cluster identification wherever such data exist. Seismic clusters
actually diagnose the most intense zones of strain accumulation due to far field as well as the local stress operating at
ASTJ. An earthquake swarm emanating from a prominent seismic cluster below SR provides an opportunity to investigate the pore
pressure diffusion process (due to the active source) by means of “r-t plot”. Stress and faulting pattern in the active zones
are deduced from 43 CMT solutions. While normal or lateral faulting is characteristic for these arms, an anomalous thrust
earthquake occurs in the triangular ‘Wheatley Deep’ deformation zone proximal to ASTJ. The latter appears to have formed due
to a shift of the deformational front from OFZ towards a transform that offsets SR. Though ASTJ is still in the process of
evolution, available data favour that this RRF triple junction may eventually be converted to a more stable RRR type. 相似文献
100.
Binh Thai Pham Dieu Tien Bui Indra Prakash Long Hoang Nguyen M. B. Dholakia 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(10):371
Landslide susceptibility assessment using GIS has been done for part of Uttarakhand region of Himalaya (India) with the objective of comparing the predictive capability of three different machine learning methods, namely sequential minimal optimization-based support vector machines (SMOSVM), vote feature intervals (VFI), and logistic regression (LR) for spatial prediction of landslide occurrence. Out of these three methods, the SMOSVM and VFI are state-of-the-art methods for binary classification problems but have not been applied for landslide prediction, whereas the LR is known as a popular method for landslide susceptibility assessment. In the study, a total of 430 historical landslide polygons and 11 landslide affecting factors such as slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, curvature, lithology, soil, land cover, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to lineaments, and rainfall were selected for landslide analysis. For validation and comparison, statistical index-based methods and the receiver operating characteristic curve have been used. Analysis results show that all these models have good performance for landslide spatial prediction but the SMOSVM model has the highest predictive capability, followed by the VFI model, and the LR model, respectively. Thus, SMOSVM is a better model for landslide prediction and can be used for landslide susceptibility mapping of landslide-prone areas. 相似文献