关于下蜀组沉积初期自然环境面貌的初步推断

下蜀组在长江下游分布很广,与农副业生产关系密切,是许多大型工程建筑的地基持力层。虽然几十年来许多地层古生物学工作者做了大量的研究,使之成为晚新生界的典型层位,但对其成因和代表的环境等尚存在分歧看法。本文讨论一例五十年代可能发现于下蜀组底部的、近年来生境研究得十分清楚的生物化石,认为下蜀组沉积初期的环境可能是温湿、低平、多水域的,沉积成因类型可能是水成的。在生物证据不多的情况下,哪怕增加一点点说明问题的生物线索都显得异常珍贵,因为往往生物反映的环境面貌比较地全面和具体。     

某些硫化物矿物中Fe的价态电子探针分析

对湖南上堡、郴县及胶东地区5个黄铁矿样品和5个黄铜矿样品进行的穆斯堡尔谱及电子探针(波谱仪)的分析得出:含Fe~(2+)的黄铁矿中Fe的纯离子浓度I_(La)/I_(Ka)值为0.65±0.05,含Fe~(3+)的黄铜矿中Fe的纯离子浓度,I_(La)/I_(ka)值为0.40士0.05.可见,随Fe价态的升高,比值I_(La)/I_(ka)反而降低.     

Data Analysis of Chang’E-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Global Distribution of U, K, and Th Elemental Abundances

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is one of the main payloads on the Chang’E-1 (CE-1) lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03:58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105?h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by CE-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the CE-1 GRS time series corrected spectra: first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by CE-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances     

轮古西地区前石炭纪古岩溶微地貌特征及刻画

应用印模法,以石炭系区域标志层双峰灰岩底至奥陶系潜山面填平补齐的沉积厚度为标识,恢复了轮古西地区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌。自东向西划分了岩溶台地、岩溶缓坡地和岩溶盆地3类二级地貌单元。应用现代岩溶分类方法,根据微地貌组合形态,对二级地貌作精细刻画,划分了9种三级地貌单元。认为不同的地貌位置,其水动力条件不同,不同类型岩溶地貌的发育特征、古水系排泄和储层充填特征存在着差异性。     

常州市区地下水污染研究

根据常州市地下水环境背景值、水质长期监测数据,分析常州市地下水水质演变规律。通过分析1982年至2009年水质状况,对地下水污染程度进行分级,综合评价地下水水质。并结合地下水污染因子变化规律、水化学类型变化趋势,提出地下水保护综合治理措施。     

新矿物(19931～199312)

本文以表格形式列举了１９９３年１月至１９９３年１２月经《国际矿物学协会（ＩＭＡ）新矿物与矿物命名委员会（ＣＮＭＭＮ）》批准并在各国矿物学杂志上发表的４２个新矿物的中文英文名称、化学式及其他数据。数据依次为：矿物的晶系、空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据（Ｉ、ｈｋｌ）、物理性质（晶形、颜色、条痕、光泽、解理、发光、硬度、密度等）、光学性质（一、二轴晶,正、负光性,折光率,反射率,双反射,２Ｖ,色散,吸收性,多色性等）、产状、共生矿物等。     

An application of a new method in permafrost environment assessment of Muli mining area in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

The permafrost environment in the Muli mining area, an opencast mining site in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, is now undergoing significant degradation because of the ongoing mining activities. The permafrost environment in this mining site had already been evaluated by previous study, in which analytic hierarchy process was applied. Although this method can roughly characterize the permafrost environment of this mining site, it has limitations by being easily affected by man-made factors. In view of this limitation, this study attempts to employ a new method, the catastrophe progression method, to estimate the current stage of the permafrost environment in this mining area. The results show that, by catastrophe progression method, currently the calculated indexes of the permafrost freezing–thawing disintegration, permafrost thermal stability, permafrost ecological fragility, and the permafrost environment are 0.43 (general situation), 0.77 (general situation), 0.71 (bad situation) and 0.83 (general situation), respectively. These values imply that the permafrost environment has been damaged by anthropologic activities to a certain degree and potentially may be further degenerated. However, at this degree, a new equilibrium stage of permafrost environment could be achieved if the current state of environmental degradation is stabilized and treatments are constructed against further damages.     

羌塘盆地羌资5井二叠系展金组烃源岩基本特征

前人对羌塘盆地的烃源岩研究资料主要来源于中生界地表露头,少见古生界的。对羌资5井二叠系展金组烃源岩的钻井岩心研究表明,其有机碳含量高,平均值达到1.15%,属于好烃源岩。干酪根显微组分主要为Ⅲ型,其次为Ⅱ2型;有机质主要来自于海相低等水生生物,热演化已达到成熟阶段。烃源岩具较好的生气能力。认为井下烃源岩样品虽显示其处于有机质演化成熟阶段,但因受后期构造抬升的影响,推测二叠系深部未知的烃源岩可能尚处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。羌塘盆地二叠系具有较好的勘探前景,油气勘探可向深部古生界开展。     

次生孔隙发育带的概念及石油地质意义新认识

在对次生孔隙带和次生孔隙发育带概念中存在问题分析的基础上,重新阐述了次生孔隙带、次生孔隙发育带、孔隙度高值带、孔隙度低值带等术语的含义,分析了东营凹陷民丰洼陷沙三中-沙四段近岸水下扇砂砾岩储层次生孔隙发育带特征,并探讨了次生孔隙正确识别及次生孔隙发育带对中深层油气勘探的指导意义。次生孔隙应该专指岩石在埋藏过程中形成的新孔隙,在识别储集空间类型时应将原始粒间孔隙和其周围颗粒溶解形成的新孔隙区分为原生孔隙和次生孔隙。次生孔隙带指孔隙度-深度剖面中有次生孔隙发育的带,在纵向上对应于某一深度范围,横向上表现为某一孔隙度区间。次生孔隙发育带指次生孔隙体积分数大于50%的高孔隙度储层集中发育带。次生孔隙发育带包括3层含义：第一,次生孔隙发育带内储层次生孔隙体积分数大于50%;第二,次生孔隙发育带内储层孔隙度高于有效储层孔隙度下限;第三,高孔隙度储层在孔隙度-深度剖面中某一深度范围内集中成带,孔隙度包络线明显向孔隙度高值方向凸出。东营凹陷民丰洼陷沙三中-沙四段近岸水下扇砂砾岩储层纵向上发育4个次生孔隙发育带,其深度分别为2 800~3 500 m、3 750~4 050 m、4 300~4 500 m、4 700~4 900 m。次生孔隙发育带和孔隙度高值带是中深层油气勘探的重要目标,但是,分析认为现今孔隙度[CD*2]深度剖面中孔隙度低值带可能是一直被忽视的油气勘探目标。     

松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油富集规律及成藏模式

针对松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油成藏及富集规律研究程度低的问题,从有效烃源岩、优质储层、油源断层及断裂密集带4个方面入手,深入开展石油富集规律及成藏模式研究。根据断裂发育特征及构造高程,将向斜区进一步划分为3个次级构造单元,并对不同构造单元油藏类型和石油分布特征进行剖析：向斜断裂深洼区以断层-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡缓坡区以岩性油藏、断层-岩性油藏和构造-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡陡坡区发育少量岩性油藏。平面上,受断裂密集带发育位置的影响,石油主要呈条带状富集于向斜断裂深洼区和过渡缓坡区;垂向上,受储层发育位置的影响,石油集中分布于葡萄花油层Ⅱ砂组。以此为基础分析向斜区石油富集规律,得出石油富集的4个主控因素：①有效烃源岩厚度控制石油富集;②油源断层组成垂向优势输导通道;③分流河道岔道口是石油富集的有利部位;④断裂密集带控制石油富集。最终建立了向斜区4种成藏模式：①向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以南,嫩一段烃源岩供烃,超压倒灌,油源断层沟通,反向构造控藏;②向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以北,青一段烃源岩供烃,油选择性充注分流河道成藏及断裂密集带内断层组合形成的局部构造控藏;③向斜过渡缓坡区,构造-岩性和岩性圈闭控藏模式;④向斜过渡陡坡区岩性圈闭控藏模式。