中天山巴仑台地区变形花岗岩类LA-ICP-MS-U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

本文对巴仑台地区中天山南北边缘的变形花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石LA-ICP-MS-U-Pb年代学研究。中天山北缘花岗质片麻岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄为630.0±5.0 Ma,代表了中天山微陆基底的新元古代岩浆事件年龄;其变质增生锆石边的年龄为440.9±3.3 Ma,精确限定了中天山北缘洋盆闭合与碰撞造山作用的时代为早志留世。中天山南缘糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄为389.5±3.2 Ma,指示出中天山南缘洋壳在中泥盆世向北俯冲形成陆缘岩浆弧;其变质增生锆石边的年龄为362.1±4.3 Ma,精确限定了中天山南缘洋盆闭合与碰撞造山作用的时代为晚泥盆世末期。研究结果还表明中天山微陆块具有年龄为2.5Ga和1.8Ga的古老结晶基底。     

水平井分段完井不同分段模式优化研究

运用势的叠加原理和镜像反映原理,导出了水平井任意分段模式下井筒与油藏渗流耦合产能计算模型,用该模型可以计算任意分段模式下来平井的产能,通过对比不同分段模式下的水平井产能,可以对分段进行优化,从而指导分段完井方案的制定.研究结果表明:当打开程度一定时,不同分段模式对产量影响不大;产量随着打开程度的提高而增加,但当打开程度大于40％时,产量增幅趋于平缓,因此,打开程度必须大于打开临界程度,这样既减小了因分段而牺牲的产量又达到了分段的目的;井筒摩阻对产量影响较大,在进行分段优化时,必须考虑井筒摩阻的影响,从而优选盲管段的位置.     

煤层受古河流冲刷的预测及探讨

古河流冲刷是影响煤矿规划、设计、开采方式不同的常见原因之一,并直接影响煤炭回收率、原煤质量。本文系统地分析其产生的原因及其危害,并结合生产实践,提出三种比较合理的预测方法。三种不同方法预测的综合利用,使之能更好的为生产服务。     

大倾角地区的三维地震勘探应用与效果

该勘探区位于白山市江源区,地表地形复杂,埋藏较深,地层倾角很大。针对本区特点,采用静校正、反褶积测试、地表一致性剩余静校正、叠后及叠前时间偏移等处理手段,尤其采用了叠前时间偏移技术,保证三维归位的准确性,提高了分辨率。查明了区内10 m以上的断层,控制了煤系地层的起伏形态,并圈定了主要煤层南部赋存边界。     

稀土元素对鲁西铜石、铜井、龙宝山杂岩体的同源性制约

20世纪80年代,在山东省平邑县发现归来庄大型金矿床,实现了鲁西黄金找矿的重大突破。此后,鲁西相继发现卓家庄、磨坊沟和龙宝山金矿。近年,又在沂南金矿的深部发现新的矿体,鲁西良好的金矿成矿前景引起了地质学界的广泛关注。目前,鲁西发现的金矿床主要分布在铜石、铜井和龙宝山等燕山期杂岩体的附近。这些岩体在成因上有什么关系值得研究。通过对上述岩体稀土元素的地球化学分析,每种岩体不同期次侵入的岩浆岩的稀土元素分布形式和3种岩体综合稀土元素分布形式均呈向右陡倾的弧形线,且配分曲线形态基本相似,都没有明显的Ce、Eu异常,指示了岩体之间存在同源性,均来自深部同一岩浆房。该认识对于指导鲁西黄金找矿具有一定的意义。     

贵州平坝榜上煤矿矿山环境影响分区研究

为准确划定矿山环境影响范围,有效地开展矿山环境保护与综合治理,促进矿山可持续发展,本文在详细分析贵州平坝榜上煤矿矿山环境现状存在问题的基础上,运用采掘活动过程中的安全开采深度、移动角、边界角和地下水均衡原理等理论．系统地分析和计算了榜上煤矿矿山环境影响的几类不同范围：利用上山移动角确定地质灾害危险性大区,采用边界角确定井下开采影响范围,运用“大井法”圈出疏排水影响范围。依据矿山环境问题类型影响程度．相应地划分为严重区、较严重区和较轻区等3类,并给出具体量化指标。     

不同流体性质储集层的混沌特性提取及测井解释

从非线性混沌理论的角度对储层测井信号进行分析以及特征提取,避开以往测井信号分类特征基于线性理论的传统做法。目的是寻求不同流体性质储集层(油层、水层和干层)与其测井信号的混沌特征之间联系,希望为不同流体储集层提供一种新颖的测井解释方法。首先分析测井信号的混沌机理,之后对测井信号分别进行预处理和非平稳分析。在此基础上,对实际测井数据进行混沌特征的提取,如关联维数、最大Lyapunov指数和近似熵的提取及分析。研究结果表明,不同流体储集层的混沌特征参量数值大小存在明显差异。因此,在对测井信号提取混沌特征参量值之后,可根据参量值所处区间范围对储集层的不同流体性质进行解释。     

层序古地理背景下河南省二_1煤聚集规律研究

对河南省晚石炭世-早二叠世含煤岩系(太原组中部碎屑岩段、上部灰岩段和山西组二1煤层段、大占砂岩段)进行层序分析,共识别出以胡石砂岩底面、二1煤底面、大占砂岩底面和香炭砂岩底面为代表的4个层序界面,将该层段含煤岩系划分为3个三级层序。通过对层序S1和层序S3岩相古地理图和二1煤厚度等值线图耦合分析发现,障壁岛-潟湖沉积环境为二1煤的聚集提供一个较好的前期环境,分流间湾沉积环境为二1煤的保存提供一个较好的后期环境,而分流河道对二1煤的保存起到了破坏性的作用。     

Assessment of shallow landslides from Hurricane Mitch in central America using a physically based model

Shallow landslides induced by heavy rainfall events represent one of the most disastrous hazards in mountainous regions because of their high frequency and rapid mobility. Recent advancements in the availability and accessibility of remote sensing data, including topography, land cover and precipitation products, allow landslide hazard assessment to be considered at larger spatial scales. A theoretical framework for a landslide forecasting system was prototyped in this study using several remotely sensed and surface parameters. The applied physical model SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) takes into account some simplified hypotheses on water infiltration and defines a direct relation between factor of safety and the rainfall depth on an infinite slope. This prototype model is applied to a case study in Honduras during Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Two study areas were selected where a high density of shallow landslides occurred, covering approximately 1,200 km². The results were quantitatively evaluated using landslide inventory data compiled by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) following Hurricane Mitch’s landfall. The agreement between the SLIDE modeling results and landslide observations demonstrates good predictive skill and suggests that this framework could serve as a potential tool for the future early landslide warning systems. Results show that within the two study areas, the values of rates of successful estimation of slope failure locations reached as high as 78 and 75%, while the error indices were 35 and 49%. Despite positive model performance, the SLIDE model is limited by several assumptions including using general parameter calibration rather than in situ tests and neglecting geologic information. Advantages and limitations of this physically based model are discussed with respect to future applications of landslide assessment and prediction over large scales.     

Observation and analysis of the urban heat island effect on soil in Nanjing, China

The heat island effect in urban meteorology has received significant attention in the recent years. In order to investigate the heat island effect on urban soil, two observation stations were built, respectively, in an urban area and a rural area of Nanjing city, China. The temperatures of underground soil (0?C300?cm depth) were recorded continuously for 1?year from June 2009 to June 2010. The data show that the urban soil temperature is generally higher than the rural soil temperature, and reveal an obvious heat island effect in urban soil with average intensity of 2.02°C over the 1-year period. The intensity varies between days, months and seasons: the daily urban heat island intensity (UHII) of soil ranges from 0.37°C to 3.98°C; the monthly UHII of soil ranges from 1.34°C (November) to 3.05°C (July); the order of seasonal UHII is summer (2.45°C)?>?winter (2.03°C)?>?spring (1.63°C)?>?autumn (1.53°C). The temperature data indicate that the maximum influence depth of daily synoptic events on the subsurface temperature is approximately 60?cm; the UHII generally increases with increasing depth. In addition to soil temperature, the temporal?Cspatial variation of soil moisture in a 100?cm profile depth was also investigated in this study. It is found that the moisture content of urban soil is generally lower than that of rural soil, which reveals an obvious dry island effect with average intensity of ?7.2% over the 1-year period; the maximum single-day urban dry island intensity (UDII) in soil is ?28.0%; the maximum average monthly UDII is ?19.1%, observed in July; the seasonal UDII shows a tendency of summer (?13.8%)?>?spring (?6.3%)?>?autumn (?5.2%)?>?winter (?3.7%). In profile, soil moisture content generally increases with increasing depth, and the maximum UDII is ?25.8% at 40?cm depth. In addition, the large-scale measurement results of 600 general points also confirm that the heat island and dry island effects are exist in urban soil.