脉冲降雨—蒸发对土壤湿度影响的动力机制分析

土壤湿度直接作用于植被的呼吸、蒸腾和各种化学反应, 是生态气象学的重要的环境因素。降雨和蒸发作为土壤湿度的两个重要扰动因子, 对其进行定性的理论分析及定量的数值分析具有重要意义, 尤其在半干旱和干旱地区。蒸发对土壤湿度具有持续的耗散作用, 可以视为连续的, 而降雨作为湿度补充作用具有脉冲效应。为阐释降雨和蒸发对土壤湿度的影响, 该文通过建立脉冲降雨—蒸发对土壤湿度响应模型, 并对其进行定性分析, 得到此微分方程系统的周期解的充分条件。在此基础上, 通过Forcal对方程参数拟合, 并以Maple作为数值分析工具, 对此系统进行数值模拟。      

过去千年气候变化重建研究新进展

20世纪气候变暖的归因是当前全球共同关注的焦点之一,而解决这一问题的途径之一是对过去千年的气候变化历史进行精确重建。简要回顾过去千年气候重建的研究进展,重点关注古气候空间重建方法方面的最新进展,并将目前古气候空间重建方法划分为3类,即综合-比例法（Composite Plus Scale, CPS）、气候场重建法（Climate Field Reconstruction, CFR）以及状态空间模型（State-space Model）法,同时指出了这些方法的优缺点以及可能的解决途径。     

阿克苏河流域气候变化对潜在蒸散量影响评价(英文)

Evapotranspiration is one of the key components of hydrological processes. Assessing the impact of climate factors on evapotranspiration is helpful in understanding the impact of climate change on hydrological processes. In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 within and around the Aksu River Basin, reference evapotranspiration (RET) was estimated with the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The temporal and spatial variations of RET were analyzed by using ARCGIS and Mann-Kendall met...     

基于广义回归神经网络的GPS高程转换

为提高GPS高程转换的精度,采用广义回归神经网络(GRNN)进行拟合。将控制点的X、Y坐标作为网络输入,高程异常作为网络输出,采用实验数据训练网络,训练完成的网络作为模型进行高程异常预测。结果表明,GRNN方法具有较高的GPS转换精度。     

基于MRPs无陀螺卫星姿态确定的抗差估计算法

针对精确航天器姿态问题,采用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示姿态,用动力学方程进行角速率的传播,分别基于等价协方差和观测残差统计特性的协方差调整方法,实现UKF算法的抗差效果,并通过仿真验证该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：在含有粗差的情况下,两种抗差UKF算法均能得到稳定的状态估计值,而第二种方法计算效率更高。     

Potential water sources for Late Quaternary Megalake Jilantai-Hetao,China, inferred from mollusk shell <Superscript>87</Superscript>Sr/<Superscript>86</Superscript>Sr ratios

Lake Jilantai-Hetao, a megalake, was formed some time before 60–50 ka, along the Great North Bend of the Yellow River. The basin is now dry, with most of the area covered by aeolian sand. We are investigating this profound hydrologic change using a number of research approaches. Paleoshorelines of this megalake are best preserved in the Jilantai area in the southwestern portion of the megalake basin. We collected aquatic mollusk shells from littoral sediments at different altitudes around Jilantai and measured their strontium isotope compositions. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in shell carbonates are different between the high lake phase (~1,080–1,050 m altitude) and the low lake phase (~1,044–1,030 m altitude), with a small shift in average strontium ratios to more radiogenic values during the low lake phase. Based on regional hydrology and physical geography, we conclude that water from the Yellow River was the dominant water source supplying this megalake. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of modern water samples suggest the Yellow River was the dominant water source during the high lake phase, but that the relative contribution of Yellow River water to the megalake was reduced, and that the relative contributions of local precipitation and groundwater increased, during the low lake phase.     

生石灰膨胀特性的试验研究

用生石灰处理软弱地基是工程中最常用的手段,生石灰膨胀量的计算是核心问题。为了研究生石灰的膨胀特性,以生石灰和生石灰与水泥的混合料为试样,考虑了磨细度、配合比及约束力等影响因素,进行室内试验,得到了生石灰的膨胀规律,即不论其他影响因素如何变化,生石灰体积膨胀系数 与约束力 总有如下数学关系： ,此关系由试验得出。用于地基处理时,膨胀系数 取决于地基土侧压力系数 、重度 以及深度 ,其关系为： ,该公式可为与生石灰有关的地基处理问题提供更可靠和准确的计算依据。     

地电场数据实时监视波形软件研制与应用

简要介绍"地电场数据实时监视波形软件"的作用和功能,详细说明了该软件主要功能的实现技巧,以及在嘉山地震台地电场观测中所发挥的作用.     

Global Plate Motions and Their Impact on the Earth's Surface Area Change

Based on their Euler poles,we calculated the relative velocities between every two plates in the typical global plate motion models,respectively,and estimated the area change along these boundaries. In our calculations,plates on both sides accommodated area changes depending on the boundary types: extensional, convergent or transform, so we can estimate area change of each plate and then globally. Our preliminary results show that the area of the southern hemisphere increased while that of the northern hemisphere decreased over the past 1 million years,and global area has increased by 26,000km2 to 36,000km2,which corresponds to the 160m～250m increment on the Earth's radius if all these area increments are attributed to Earth's expansion. Taking the NUVEL-1 model as an example,of the 14 plates in this model,11 are decreasing,but the global area has increased because of the larger increment amount from Africa,North America and Antarctica. Finally,we also discussed factors affecting the global area change such as subduction zone retreating and back-arc spreading.     

再生混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

本文进行了4个剪跨比为1.75的再生混凝土短柱模型抗震性能对比试验,模型按1/2缩尺。模型1为普通混凝土短柱,模型2为再生粗细骨料取代率均为50%的再生混凝土短柱,模型3为再生粗细骨料取代率均为100%的再生混凝土短柱,模型4为再生粗细骨料取代率均为100%且带交叉钢筋的再生混凝土短柱。分析了各模型的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、滞回特性、位移延性、耗能能力、破坏形态。研究表明:随着再生骨料取代率的增加,其混凝土的弹性模量明显减小,试件初始刚度、承载力、耗能能力明显下降;加设交叉钢筋的试件抗震性能显著提高;再生混凝土柱可以在轴压比较小的结构中应用。提出了基于再生混凝土强度折减的承载力简化计算方法,计算结果与实测值符合较好。