Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Submarine Physiographic Features in the Taiwan Region

The sea floor topography around Taiwan is characterized by the asymmetry of its shallow and flat shelves to the west and markedly deep troughs and basins to the south and east. Tectonics and sedimentation are major controls in forming the submarine physiographic features around Taiwan. Three Pliocene-Quaternary shelves are distributed north and west of Taiwan: East China Sea Shelf (passive margin shelf), the Taiwan Strait Shelf (foreland shelf), and Kaoping Shelf (island shelf) from north to south parallel to the strike of Taiwan orogen. Off northeastern Taiwan major morpho/tectonic features associated with plate subduction include E-W trending Ryukyu Trench, Yaeyama accretionary wedge, forearc basins, the Ryukyu Arcs, and the backarc basin of southern Okinawa Trough. Off eastern Taiwan lies the deep Huatung Basin on the Philippine Sea plate with a relatively flat floor, although several large submarine canyons are eroding and crossing the basin floor. Off southeastern Taiwan, the forearc region of the Luzon Arc has been deformed into five alternating N-S trending ridges and troughs during initial arc-continent collision. Among them, the submarine Hengchun Ridge is the seaward continuation of the Hengchun peninsula in southern Taiwan. Off southwestern Taiwan, the broad Kaoping Slope is the major submarine topographic feature with several noticeable submarine canyons. The Penghu Canyon separates this slope from the South China Sea Slope to the west and merges southwards into the Manila Trench in the northern South China Sea. Although most of sea floors of the Taiwan Strait are shallower than 60 m in water depth, there are three noticeable bathymetric lows and two highs in the Taiwan Strait. There exists a close relationship between hydrography and topography in the Taiwan Strait. The circulation of currents in the Taiwan Strait is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon and semidiurnal tides. The Penghu Channel-Yunchang Ridge can be considered a modern tidal depositional system. The Taiwan Strait shelf has two phases of development. The early phase of the rift margin has developed during Paleoocene-Miocene and it has evolved to the foreland basin in Pliocene-Quaternary time. The present shelf morphology results mainly from combined effects of foreland subsidence and modern sedimentation overprinting that of the Late Pleistocene glaciation about 15,000 years ago.     

Spectroscopic studies of Cepheids (S Cru,AP Pup,AX Cir,S TrA,T Cru,R Mus,S Mus,U Car) and semiregular bright supergiants (V382 Car,HD 75276, R Pup) in the southern hemisphere

We present the second part of the results of our work to investigate the atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of southern-hemisphere Cepheids obtained by analyzing 24 spectra for eight bright Cepheids and three semiregular bright supergiants taken with the 1.9-m telescope of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The chemical composition and atmospheric parameters have been determined for S Cru, AP Pup, AX Cir, S TrA, T Cru, R Mus, S Mus, U Car, V382 Car, HD 75276, and R Pup.     

H 187 - At the Onset of a New Eclipse

CCD photometry data of the T Tauri star H 187 are presented. They show that a new eclipse of this star began at the end of 2004. Since only one eclipse of this star has been observed previously with a duration of 3.5 years, our data indicate that the eclipses of this object are periodic with a period P=4.9 years between eclipses. Thus, in terms of the absolute duration of the eclipses and in terms of their relative length as a fraction of the period, H 187 is one of the most exotic objects in the sky. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 529–534 (November 2005).     

基于主体功能区的京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区

从主体功能区划视角研究碳收支和碳补偿分区,对于制定适应各主体功能区低碳发展策略,推动区域生态环境协同治理,实现高质量发展具有重要意义,也是地理学思想对于实现“双碳”目标的重要贡献。本文首先构建主体功能区视角下碳收支与碳补偿的理论框架,然后以京津冀城市群157个县级单元为研究区,引入集中化指数、标准显性比较优势指数、SOM-K-means聚类等方法研究功能区视角下京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区,并提出以低碳发展为导向的碳减排空间优化方案。结果表明：① 2000—2017年京津冀城市群碳收支量呈现波动上升态势,其集中化指数均高于0.4的“警戒线”,碳收支地区差异整体偏大。② 碳收支时空分异显著,碳排放高值区呈现以京津唐为中心,向外逐步降低的“核心—外围”空间格局;而碳吸收空间格局趋于稳定,总体呈现东、北、西部高,而中、南部低的倒“U”型格局。③ 京津冀城市群碳收支与主体功能区战略定位较为吻合,优化开发区和重点开发区是碳排放的主要承压区,而重点生态功能区是碳吸收的优势主导区,各功能区碳吸收集中化指数差别较碳排放集中化指数小。④ 京津冀城市群共有53个支付区、64个平衡区和40个获补区,结合主体功能区规划战略目标,最终形成9类碳补偿空间优化区,并提出每一类型区低碳发展方向及策略。⑤ 未来要加强更微观尺度的碳收支及碳补偿研究,丰富和完善碳补偿理论框架,将碳补偿融入到碳交易市场,探索实现“双碳”目标的多元化路径。     

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CATASTROPHIC ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE SONGNEN PLAIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA SINCE 1900S

Although the Songnen Plain in the northeastern China was developed relatively late in the temperate zone of the world, its eco-environment has changed greatly. This paper analyzes the changes of land cover and the rates and trends ofdesertification during the past 100 years in the Songnen Plain. According to the macroscopic analysis, we find that the eco-environment in the plain has reached to the threshold of catastrophic change since the 1950s. The Thorn Needle Catastrophic Model was used to determine and validate this conclusion. Human activities, including large-scale construction projects, such as huge dams and dikes, and excessive grazing were the primary factors contributing to regional eco-environmental catastrophe. And irrational reclamation of the wilderness also affected the eco-environmental change. The results reveal the complex human-land interactions.     

网络GIS及其内容体系和应用分析

众多研究人员在网络GIS的研究方面都习惯将其内容简单化为WebGIS或者Internet/Intranet GIS。实际上,WebGIS和Internet/Intranet GIS在数据模型、网络架构、体系构建和功能部署等方面都有较大的区别,这种将We-bGIS和Internet/Intranet GIS统称为网络GIS的做法本身就有缺陷。本文以网络和分布式计算技术为基础,从“广义”和“狭义”的角度对网络GIS的概念框架、内容体系和应用等几个方面做了重构研究,以期推动网络GIS的研究进展。     

The appearance of polarization in radiation from hot stars due to the faraday rotation effect as a possible method of determining stellar magnetic fields

The effect of Faraday rotation is shown to lead to the appearance of linear polarization of stellar radiation scattered in an optically-thin circumstellar electron-magnetized shell, even in the case when the shell is spherical. The spectral dependence of the polarization degree is evaluated for scattering in (i) a spherically-symmetric magnetized shell with a power-law radial dependence of the electron density, and (ii) a non-spherical ellipsoidal uniform envelope. The position of maximum in the polarization spectrum permits us to determine the magnetic field magnitude on a star surface. If the rotational and magnetic axes do not coincide, the periodic variability of the polarization will be observed with the period of stellar rotation. Some Be-stars, such as Cas, 48 Lib, EW Lac, Aqr, HD 45677, X Per, are proposed as candidates to be investigated for magnetic fields, as well as some stars of the T Tau-type. This method may be also applied to supernovae shells.     

弧形海岸裂流的数值模拟研究

弧形海岸波浪产生的裂流严重危害人类活动,但是目前对其特征缺乏充分认识。本文对Haller物理模型实验和三亚大东海的数值模拟表明FUNWAVE模式具有较好的裂流模拟能力。基于该模式进行了多种弧形海岸条件的裂流数值模拟,给出裂流的一些特征：（1）海岸弯曲度增大,裂流增强;（2）海岸坡度对裂流有比较大的影响,太陡或太平缓的海岸不利于形成裂流;（3）海岸尺寸减小,裂流减弱;（4）波高和波周期增大,裂流增强,但是对于某些海岸而言,0.4m波高可能就存在危害比较大的裂流。     

Determination of the Total Ozone Content in Cloudy Conditions based on Data from the IKFS-2 Spectrometer onboard the Meteor-M no. 2 Satellite

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A new technique has been developed to obtain the total ozone content (TOC) under cloudy conditions from the spectra of outgoing thermal IR radiation...