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561.
Aurélien Royer Christophe Lécuyer Sophie Montuire Jérôme Primault François Fourel Marcel Jeannet 《Quaternary Research》2014
The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from tooth enamel of rodents (δ18Op) constitutes a valuable proxy to reconstruct past air temperatures in continental environments. This method has been applied to rodent dental remains from three genera, Arvicola sp., Microtus sp. and Dicrostonyx sp., coming from Taillis-des-Coteaux, Vienne, France. This archaeological site contains an exceptionally preserved sedimentary sequence spanning almost the whole Upper Palaeolithic, including seven stratigraphic layers dated from 35 to 17 cal ka BP. The abundant presence of rodent remains offers the opportunity to quantify the climatic fluctuations coeval of the various stages of human occupation of the site. Differences between δ18Op values of Arvicola sp. and Microtus sp. teeth are interpreted as the result of heterochrony in tooth formation as well as differences in ecology. Mean δ18Op values of Microtus sp. are preferentially used to reconstruct summer air temperatures, which range from 16.0 ± 3.7 to 19.1 ± 3.1°C throughout the sedimentary sequence; however, the highest variability is observed during the last glacial maximum. 相似文献
562.
Nadjinangar Gotoum Christophe Nkem Kamel Hammami M. Ahamat?Charfadine L. C. Owono?Owono Nejm-Eddine Jaidane 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,332(1):209-217
We report on the calculation of collision induced rotational excitation cross sections and rate coefficients of AlF by He
atom at low temperature. These quantities were obtained by first computing the interaction potential energy surface (PES)
of the AlF(X
1Σ+)-He(1
S) van der Waals complex at the ab initio Coupled Cluster with Single and Double and perturbative Triple excitations [CCSD(T)] level of theory. The aug-cc-pVQZ Gaussian
basis, to which was added a set of bond functions, was used for that purpose. The calculations account for basis set superposition
errors (BSSE). The interaction potential presents a minimum of ∼24 cm−1 below the AlF-He dissociation limit. The PES was fitted on a basis of Legendre polynomial functions to allow for the calculation
of cross sections in the close-coupling (CC) approach. By averaging these cross sections over a Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity
distribution, rate coefficients were inferred at low temperatures (T≤300 K). From our computations, a propensity towards ΔJ=1 transitions is observed. 相似文献
563.
Maarten Haest Jens Schneider Christophe Cloquet Kris Latruwe Frank Vanhaecke Philippe Muchez 《Mineralium Deposita》2010,45(4):393-410
Base metal–Ag mineralisation at Dikulushi and in other deposits on the Kundelungu Plateau (Democratic Republic of Congo) developed
during two episodes. Subeconomic Cu–Pb–Zn–Fe polysulphide ores were generated during the Lufilian Orogeny (c. 520 Ma ago)
in a set of E–W- and NE–SW-oriented faults. Their lead has a relatively unradiogenic and internally inhomogeneous isotopic
composition (206Pb/204Pb = 18.07–18.49), most likely generated by mixing of Pb from isotopically heterogeneous clastic sources. These sulphides
were remobilised and enriched after the Lufilian Orogeny, along reactivated and newly formed NE–SW-oriented faults into a
chalcocite-dominated Cu–Ag mineralisation of high economic interest. The chalcocite samples contain only trace amounts of
lead and show mostly radiogenic Pb isotope signatures that fall along a linear trend in the 207Pb/204Pb vs. 206Pb/204Pb diagram (206Pb/204Pb = 18.66–23.65; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.72–16.02). These anomalous characteristics reflect a two-stage evolution involving admixture of both radiogenic lead
and uranium during a young fluid event possibly c. 100 Ma ago. The Pb isotope systematics of local host rocks to mineralisation
also indicate some comparable young disturbance of their U–Th–Pb systems, related to the same event. They could have provided
Pb with sufficiently radiogenic compositions that was added to less radiogenic Pb remobilised from precursor Cu–Pb–Zn–Fe polysulphides,
whereas the U most likely originated from external sources. Local metal sources are also suggested by the 208Pb/204Pb–206Pb/204Pb systematics of combined ore and rock lead, which indicate a pronounced and diversified lithological control of the immediate
host rocks on the chalcocite-dominated Cu–Ag ores. The Pb isotope systematics of polysulphide mineralisation on the Kundelungu
Plateau clearly record a diachronous evolution. 相似文献
564.
Christophe Lécuyer Vincent Balter François Fourel Romain Amiot Olga Otero Gérard Panczer Rossana Martini 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(7):2072-584
The oxygen isotope fractionation between the structural carbonate of inorganically precipitated hydroxyapatite (HAP) and water was determined in the range 10-37 °C. Values of 1000 ln α() are linearly correlated with inverse temperature (K) according to the following equation: 1000 ln α() = 25.19 (±0.53)·T−1 − 56.47 (±1.81) (R2 = 0.998). This fractionation equation has a slightly steeper slope than those already established between calcite and water (
[O’Neil et al., 1969] and [Kim and O’Neil, 1997]) even though measured fractionations are of comparable amplitude in the temperature range of these experimental studies. It is consequently observed that the oxygen isotope fractionation between apatite carbonate and phosphate increases from about 7.5‰ up to 9.1‰ with decreasing temperature from 37 °C to 10 °C. A compilation of δ18O values of both phosphate and carbonate from modern mammal teeth and bones confirms that both variables are linearly correlated, despite a significant scattering up to 3.5‰, with a slope close to 1 and an intercept corresponding to a 1000 ln α() value of 8.1‰. This apparent fractionation factor is slightly higher or close to the fractionation factor expected to be in the range 7-8‰ at the body temperature of mammals. 相似文献
565.
Catherine Larose Aurélien Dommergue Martine De Angelis Bernard Averty Nicolas Soumis Christophe Ferrari 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(22):6263-6275
Seasonal snow is an active media and an important climate factor that governs nutrient transfer in Arctic ecosystems. Since the snow stores and transforms nutrients and contaminants, it is of crucial importance to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of contaminant cycling within the snowpack and its subsequent release to catchments via meltwater. Over the course of a two-month field study in the spring of 2008, we collected snow and meltwater samples from a seasonal snowpack in Ny-Ålesund, Norway (78°56′N, 11°52′E), which were analyzed for major inorganic ions and some organic acids, as well as total, dissolved, bioavailable mercury (THg, DHg, BioHg, respectively) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) species. We observe a seasonal gradient for ion concentrations, with surface samples becoming less concentrated as the season progressed. A significant negative correlation between BioHg and MMHg was observed in the snowpack. MMHg was positively and significantly correlated to methanesulfonate concentrations. Based on these results, we propose a new model for aerobic methylation of mercury involving species in the dimethylsulfoniopropionate cycle. 相似文献
566.
B.?Sirangelo T.?Caloiero R.?CoscarelliEmail authorView authors OrcID profile E.?Ferrari 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,128(1-2):275-289
Accurately predicting precipitation trends is vital in the economic development of a country. Ground observed data from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) was analyzed to study the long-term spatio-temporal trends of rainfall on annual and seasonal scales for 23 stations in Nigeria during a 40-year period spanning from 1974 to 2013. After testing the presence of autocorrelation, Mann–Kendall (modified Mann–Kendall) test was applied to non-autocorrelated (autocorrelated) series to detect the trends in rainfall data. Theil and Sen’s slope estimator test was used to find the magnitude of change over a time period. Pettitt’s test, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, and Buishand’s test were further used to test the homogeneity of the rainfall series. The results show an increasing trend in annual rainfall; however, only nine stations have a significant increase during the period of study. On the seasonal time scale, a significant increasing trend was observed in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, while only nine stations show a significant increasing trend in monsoon rainfall and a significant decreasing trend in the winter rainfall over the last 40 years. During the study period, 15.4 and 13.90 % increase were estimated for annual and monsoonal rainfall, respectively. Furthermore, seven stations exhibit changes in mean rainfall while majority of the stations considered (Eighteen stations) exhibit homogeneous trends in annual and seasonal rainfall over the country. The performance of the different tests used in this study was consistent at the verified significance level. 相似文献
567.
Determination of polychlorobiphenyl congeners (PCBs) in the surface water of the Venice lagoon 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of PCB contamination of Venice lagoon water. The PCB determination was made on the filtrate ("dissolved PCBs") and on the particulate collected on the filters ("particulate PCBs") by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and sonication, respectively, and by HRGC-LRMS analysis. An estimation of the procedural and "working" blanks was also made. Water samples were collected at six sites, selected to represent all the pollution situations present in the lagoon, and at a site in the Adriatic Sea. The range of the total sum ("dissolved plus particulate") of 49 congener concentrations falls between 355 and 1868 pgl(-1); the "dissolved" fraction concentrations (250-792 pgl(-1)) are greater at six sites than that of the "particulate" fraction (105-1273 pgl(-1)). Chemometric analyses suggest that the PCB congener pattern in the Venice Lagoon is different from that in the Adriatic Sea. 相似文献
568.
Emmanuel SALIM Laura MABBOUX Ludovic RAVANEL Philip DELINE Christophe GAUCHON 《山地科学学报》2021,(8):1977-1994
Climate change induces profound changes in mountain territories that affect the activities pursued there. Tourism is one activity that is strongly impacted by these changes. Most research on tourism in mountain regions has focused on winter sports tourism, but glacier tourism, a summer activity, is also severely affected by climate change-induced phenomena, including glacier retreat and other geomorphological processes. Given that Alpine glacier tourism has been pursued since the 18 th century and glaciers have been changing throughout this period, this article aims to examine the adaptations implemented by glacier tourism operators since the activity's beginnings. Through analysis of historical documents, glaciological surveys and semi-structured interviews, this paper reveals how tourism activities around the Mer de Glace(the largest French glacier) have been impacted by glacier fluctuations since the first visit to the area in 1741. The study reveals that these developments have mainly been driven by glacier retreat and associated paraglacial dynamics. More recently, the shortening of the period of snow cover on the glacier has also impacted tourism activities. Most of the adaptation strategies implemented by tourism operators during the period in question are found to be reactive, consisting in the installation of safety equipment, the renovation of access points or the building of new structures to allow tourist activities to continue despite the consequences of glacier retreat. Other strategies, such as the adoption of new activities by workers previously specialised in another, are identified that could be considered transformative strategies, although these were only adopted by workers when their activity was no longer feasible. The analysis of materials from 1741 to the present also reveals that the recent impacts of climate change on glacier tourism are much more significant and diverse than those produced by past fluctuations. Therefore, it is important that stakeholders take suitable measures to ensure the sustainable future of the Mer de Glace and other glacier tourism destinations. 相似文献
569.
Gert Finger Frank Eisenhauer Reinhard Genzel Christopher Mandla Ian Baker Domingo Alvarez Antonio Amorim Wolfgang Brandner Christophe Dupuy Casey Deen Derek Ives Leander Mehrgan Manfred Meyer Karin Perraut Guy Perrin Jörg Stegmeier Christian Straubmeier Harald J. Weller Vincent Isgar 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2023,344(8-9):e20230069
Near-infrared adaptive optics as well as fringe tracking for coherent beam combination in optical interferometry require the development of high-speed sensors. Because of the high speed, a large analog bandwidth is required. The short exposure times result in small signal levels which require noiseless detection. Both requirements cannot be met by state-of-the-art conventional CMOS technology of near-infrared arrays as has been attempted previously. A total of five near-infrared SAPHIRA 320 × 256 pixel HgCdTe e−APD arrays have been deployed in the wavefront sensors and in the fringe tracker of the VLTI instrument GRAVITY. The current limiting magnitude for coherent exposures with GRAVITY is mk = 19, which is made possible with ADP technology. New avalanche photo-diode array (APD) developments since GRAVITY include the extension of the spectral sensitivity to the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm. After GRAVITY a larger format array with 512 × 512 pixels has been developed for both AO applications at the ELT and for long integration times. Since dark currents of <10−3 e−/s have been demonstrated with 1Kx1K e−APD arrays and 2Kx2K e−APD arrays have already been developed, the possibilities and adaptations of e−APD technology to provide noiseless large-format science-grade arrays for long integration times are also discussed. 相似文献