Magnetic minerals in Mid-Pleistocene sediments on the Caiwei Guyot,Northwest Pacific and their response to the Mid-Brunhes climate event

Seamounts are ubiquitous topographic units in global oceans, and their influences on local oceanic circulation have attracted great attention in physical oceanography; however, previous efforts were less made in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. The Caiwei Guyot in the Magellan Seamounts of the western Pacific is a typical seamount, and in this study, we investigate a well-dated sediment core by magnetic properties to reveal the relationship between deep-sea sedimentary processes and global climate changes. The principal results are as follows: (1) the dominant magnetic minerals in the sediments are low-coercivity magnetite in pseudo-single domain range, probably including a biogenic contribution; (2) the variabilities of magnetic parameters can be clustered into two sections at ～500 ka, and the differences between the two units are evident in amplitudes and means; (3) changes in the grainsize-dependent magnetic parameters can be well correlated to records of global ice volume and atmospheric CO2 in the middle Pleistocene. Based on these results, a close linkage was proposed between deep-sea sedimentary processes in the Caiwei Guyot and global climate changes. This linkage likely involves different roles of biogenic magnetite in the sediments between interglacial and glacial intervals, responding to changes in marine productivity and deep-sea circulation and displaying a major change in the Mid-Brunhes climate event. Therefore, we proposed that the sedimentary archives at the bottom of the Caiwei Guyot record some key signals of global climate changes, providing a unique window to observe interactions between various environmental systems on glacial-interglacial timescales.     

从政策、资金和技术三者关系探讨破解海洋生态修复难题

为支撑海洋生态修复决策,推动海洋生态修复产业发展,文章分析当前我国海洋生态修复面临的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:当前我国海洋生态修复主要面临政策、资金和技术3个方面的问题,三者不是互相促进而是互相交织和抑制的关系;建议发挥我国体制优势,以政策为切入口,设立“细水长流”式海洋生态修复基金,以金融助力海洋生态修复,注重与银行贷款等政策的结合,与金融机构的要求衔接,发挥海洋生态修复基金的杠杆作用,用政策红利吸引社会资金,借鉴已有的“民办公助”“以奖代补”和“两项指标”等模式,设置修复效果的阶段性目标和最终目标,加强新技术的扶持和示范推广,充分发挥利益相关者的作用。     

青岛多种天气下生物气溶胶中细菌群落特征

为探究雾、霾、沙尘等多种天气下生物气溶胶中细菌群落结构特征,于2017年12月-2018年4月采集了青岛晴天和多种特殊天气下的大气生物气溶胶样品,运用16 S rRNA高通量测序方法分析了样品中细菌群落结构.结果表明,在雾、霾、沙尘天均检测到对人体健康存在潜在危害的条件致病菌,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria...     

厦门寨后垃圾填埋场释气影响及其控制

本文是在承担厦门市寨后“垃圾埋场”工程环境影响评价的基础上,对该填埋场的垃圾释气规律作进一步研究。研究结果表明,（１）厦门煤气的普及率较高;（２场营运１１ａ左右,废气产物量及排一达到最大值;（３）于小风条件下,在下风向５０ｍ处,ＣＨ４浓度可达爆炸极１６￣３１％,所产生的恶臭气体Ｈ２Ｓ的影响距离经ＮＨ３大,在下风向５００ｍ下才能达到２级场界标准;（４）严格按卫生填埋的技术标准进行规范操作,确保排气管     

基于闪锌矿晶体中受激电磁耦子散射产生可调谐太赫兹波的理论研究

基于受激电磁耦子散射原理,采用已报道的利用非线性光学参量振荡方法产生可调谐太赫兹波的实验条件作为理论分析的实验模型,以GaAs,GaP, InP,ZnTe晶体为代表,计算分析了在闪锌矿晶体中参量振荡产生太赫兹波的吸收、增益特性,对输出THz波的调谐特性给出了详尽分析.分析太赫兹波高效耦合输出的腔型结构,并与掺氧化镁铌酸锂晶体组成的太赫兹波参量振荡器做对比.     

海洋青鳉鱼专用型基因芯片的设计及其在生态毒理学上的应用研究

以生物芯片技术为核心,结合生态毒理学与功能基因组学的方法,制备了海洋青鳉鱼专用型生物芯片,包含180个与细胞分裂、解毒反应、缺氧反应、氧化应激反应、凋亡、生长和发育、性别决定和性腺分化以及生殖激素分泌等功能相关的基因.我们提取了雌性海洋青鳉鱼成体在正常培养和缺氧处理12周后的肝脏和卵巢组织总RNA,利用自制的基因芯片进行了基因表达谱分析,结果显示海洋青鳉鱼在缺氧压力环境下,肝脏和卵巢组织的差异性表达基因分别检测出9个和6个,表明应用此类自制良好的芯片可有效获得海洋青鳉鱼的组织特异性基因表达图谱,也将加强对海洋缺氧状态、氧化应激等反应的分子生物学机制的理解.本研究对于识别异常环境状态下的基因表达模式和组织特异性标志物,进一步开展监测海洋生态毒理因素的研究奠定良好的基础.     

构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的控制机理: 马努斯海盆为例

综述了马努斯海盆热液区构造特征、基底差异, 结合马努斯海盆热液区热液活动与构造-岩浆特征, 探讨了二者的耦合关系, 以及构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的影响和控制。马努斯海盆位于西南太平洋俾斯麦海的东北部, 是世界上扩张速度最快的海盆之一。马努斯海盆西部(马努斯扩张中心, Manus Spreading Center, MSC)主要由海盆扩张成熟期产生的大洋中脊玄武岩组成, 属于成熟弧后扩张中心,发育Vienna Woods热液区; 海盆东部(东南裂谷, Southeast Rift, SER)则是一个拉张裂谷, 处于扩张的早期阶段, 属于不成熟弧后扩张中心, 发育PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls三大热液区。MSC与大洋中脊的热液活动相似, 而SER因受到火山、俯冲作用影响更为显著, 其热液流体具有岩浆流体和俯冲流体的特征。与Vienna Woods热液压相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS以及SuSu Knolls三个热液区的水深相对较浅(1 150～1 740 m), 是地球内部热物质由内向外迁移的结果, 其下部岩浆作用强烈。此外,岩浆脱气作用和数值模拟结果表明, PACMANUS热液系统中具有岩浆流体的输入。与Vienna Woods热液区相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls热液区的热液活动强度及流体组成主要受控于岩浆作用。     

川北地区灯二段储层特征及其形成机制

依据野外及钻井岩心的宏观、微观特征,结合相应的地化资料,对川北地区灯影组灯二段的储层特征及主要控制因素进行了较为详细的研究。研究认为,其储集岩主要为颗粒粘连白云岩、藻叠层白云岩和白云质岩溶角砾岩,储集空间以次生成因的藻粘连格架溶孔、顺层溶孔—溶洞—溶缝和穿层葡萄花边溶洞最为常见,储层类型多为孔洞型,常规物性具有低孔—低渗特征;颗粒粘连滩和藻丘为区内优质储层的发育提供物质基础,压实—压溶和多期胶结作用是原生孔隙消失的基本原因,桐湾运动Ⅰ幕导致的表生岩溶作用是储层形成的关键。颗粒粘连滩、藻丘与表生岩溶水平潜流带的叠加使其储层主要分布在灯二段的中部。该研究结果可为川北地区震旦系灯影组油气勘探提供依据。     

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

Strength Analysis on Brace Structure for Semi-Submersible in Consideration of Wave Slamming

Slamming on bracings of column stabilized units shall be considered as a possible limiting criterion under transit condition based on the requirements in DNV-OS-C103. However, the wave slamming loads under survival condition were ignored for the strength analysis of the brace structures in many semi-submersible projects. In this paper, a method of strength analysis of brace structure is proposed based on the reconstruction and extrapolation of numerical model. The full-scale mooring system, the wind, wave and current loads can be considered simultaneously. Firstly, the model tests of the semi-submersible platform in wind tunnel and wave tanker have been carried out. Secondly, the numerical models of the platform are reconstructed and extrapolated based on the results of model tests. Then, a nonlinear numerical analysis has been conducted to study the wave slamming load on brace in semi-submersible platform through the reconstructed and extrapolated numerical model. For the randomness of wave load, ten subcases under each condition have been carried out. The value of the 90% Gumble distribution values of the ten subcases are used. Finally, the strength on brace structure has been analyzed considering the wave slamming. The wave slamming loads have been compared between the survival condition and transit condition with the method. The results indicate that wave slamming under survival condition is more critical than that under transit condition. Meanwhile, the wave slamming is significant to the structural strength of the brace. It should be overall considered in the strength analysis of the brace structure.