太湖MS岩芯重金属元素地球化学形态研究

采用BCR三步提取法对太湖MS岩芯沉积物中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等6种重金属元素的化学形态进行了研究.结果表明,有效结合态的Cu、Ni和Pb主要以有机物及硫化物结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Fe和Zn主要以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Mn主要以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态存在;Fe-Mn氧化物结合态的Ni、Pb和Zn与可还原态的Mn有较好的正相关关系,有机物及硫化物结合态的Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn与有机碳含量有较好的正相关关系;重金属形态分布体现了重金属元素地球化学性质的差异,以及重金属形态含量与沉积物理化性质的关系.沉积岩芯重金属元素形态垂向变化规律及次生相富集系数表明,Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn在沉积岩芯13～4 cm有效结合态含量较稳定,为自然沉积;4～0 cm有效结合态含量明显升高,存在一定程度的人为污染.根据137Cs测年结果判断,沉积岩芯Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等重金属污染开始于20世纪70年代末期,主要污染元素及污染历史与太湖流域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合.     

青藏高原东北部黄河源区大暖期气候特征

本文通过孢粉、有机碳和粘土矿物的分析,探讨了黄河源区全新世的气候变迁,重点论述了大暖期的气候特点。在全新世,黄河源区的气候总体凉干,属于高原的高寒气候。在大暖期,该区的气候较现今高2～3℃,显得湿润些,但波动较频繁,尤其是大暖期的后期波动剧烈,并在5．0kaBP前后发生一次剧烈的降温。记录表明,黄河源区的大暖期始于9．0kaBP,止于2．30kaBP,较我国其他地区开始得早,而结束得晚,其鼎盛时期为6．0kaBP前后。     

非饱和土中镉离子传输模型参数反演

使用自行设计的的真空实验装置,采用一维实验室土柱实验方法在不同实验条件下进行了15组实验,并基于实验所得的穿透曲线,使用梯度正则化方法反演得到了镉离子在8种葡萄牙土样和1种比利时土样中相应的传输模型参数。同时通过数值模拟实验验证了梯度正则化方法的有效性和可靠性,进而证明所得结果是有效的。     

淮河息县站流量概率预报模型研究

应用美国天气局采用的由Roman Krzysztofowicz开发的贝叶斯统计理论建立概率水文预报理论框架，即以分布函数形式定量地描述水文预报不确定度，研究了淮河息县站流量概率预报模型。理论和经验表明，概率预报至少与确定性预报一样有价值，特别当预报不确定度较大时，概率预报比现行确定性预报具有更高的经济价值。     

花江喀斯特峡谷地区石漠化成因初探

花江喀斯特峡谷区地下水埋藏深,地表干旱,存在显著的人为加速土壤侵蚀过程,植被次生性明显,生境干热特征显著,是已石漠化和半石漠化的生态系统。其中地质构造、地貌演化、岩溶形态、可开发利用的水资源、植被群落可能是石漠化过程的主要自然成因,以土地利用为表现形式的强烈人类活动是石漠化的驱动力。基于此,提出了石漠化地区的土地利用方式和生态恢复过程的建议,旨在为石漠化的演化研究及生态重建提供参考。     

航空重力数据常用滤波方法对比研究

航空重力测量中,存在着各种各样的噪声干扰,严重影响了异常的精度和分辨率。低通滤波器在航空重力测量数据处理中对于去掉高频噪声干扰有着重要的作用;因此,对航空测量信号进行异常恢复和噪声信号衰减的一个重要步骤就是设计低通性能更优越的滤波器。通过模型实验,对比6×20_s RC滤波器、Kalman滤波器和FFT滤波器输出结果,以确定各种滤波器的可靠性,并分析了3种滤波器的影响因素,为以后对数字滤波器的研究奠定基础。     

利用功率谱直接求埋深的影响因素

功率谱方法在磁数据处理方面的应用比较广泛。采用近似公式直接求出地质体的上下底埋深。在此近似方法中,会出现一些影响结果的因素。主要对地质体的水平尺寸和厚度的影响做了一些研究,并得出相应的结论。     

Model Test Study on Ice-Induced Vibrations of Compliant Multi-Cone Structures

For the study on the ice-induced vibration of a compliant mono-cone structure,a series of model tests were performed from 2004 to 2006.In these tests,the ice sheet before the compliant conical structure was found to be failed in two-time breaking.Based on this important finding,model tests study of the ice force on a compliant multi-cone structure were performed from 2006 to 2007.in these tests,the ice sheet broke before each single cone non-simultaneously.The exciting energy of the total ice force was found to be in a wide range of frequencies,and the structure can be easily excited with nonlinear resonance.     

Study on General Performance of Jack-up Under Elevated Condition

Method of checking for jack-up elevated performance including leg structure strength, fixation system or jacking system bearing capacity, pre-load requirements, spud can bearing capacity and overturning stability is suggested in this paper. As an example, a jack-up with truss legs is analyzed by finite element analysis method. This paper may be helpful to the rig owners, operators and designers.     

A Computational Model for Velocity Separation in Shallow Sea

Based on the hydrodynamical feature and the theoretical velocity profiles of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow in shal-low sea, a computational model is established for the first time, which can separate observed velocity into tidal velocity and wind-induced velocity by use of the least square method. With the model, not only the surface velocities of tidal flow and vvind-induced flow are obtained, but also the bed roughness height is determined and the wind velocity above the wa-ter surface is estimated. For verification of the model, the observed velocity in the Yellow River Estuary and the laborato-ry test is separated, then it is applied to the Yangtze River Estuary. All the results are satisfactory. The research results show that the model is simple in method, feasible in process and reasonable in result. The model is a valid approach to analysis and computation of field dala, and can be applied to separate the observed velocity in shallow sea; at the same time, reasonable boundary conditions of th