Estimating aboveground biomass using Pléiades satellite image in a karst watershed of Guizhou Province,Southwestern China

Biomass in karst terrain has rarely been measured because the steep mountainous limestone terrain has limited the ability to sample woody plants.Satellite observation, especially at high spatial resolution, is an important surrogate for the quantification of the biomass of karst forests and shrublands. In this study, an artificial neural network(ANN) model was built using Pléiades satellite imagery and field biomass measurements to estimate the aboveground biomass(AGB) in the Houzhai River Watershed, which is a typical plateau karst basin in Central Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. A back-propagation ANN model was also developed.Seven vegetation indices, two spectral bands of Pléiades imagery, one geomorphological parameter,and land use/land cover were selected as model inputs. AGB was chosen as an output. The AGB estimated by the allometric functions in 78 quadrats was utilized as training data(54 quadrats, 70%),validation data(12 quadrats, 15%), and testing data(12 quadrats, 15%). Data-model comparison showed that the ANN model performed well with an absolute root mean square error of 11.85 t/ha, which was 9.88%of the average AGB. Based on the newly developed ANN model, an AGB map of the Houzhai River Watershed was produced. The average predicted AGB of the secondary evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, which is the dominant forest type in the watershed, was 120.57 t/ha. The average AGBs of the large distributed shrubland,tussock, and farmland were 38.27, 9.76, and 11.69 t/ha, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern ofthe AGB estimated by the new ANN model in the karst basin was consistent with that of the field investigation. The model can be used to estimate the regional AGB of karst landscapes that are distributed widely over the Yun-Gui Plateau.     

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松辽盆地深层断陷沙河子组烃源岩分布预测与生气潜力

松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组是深层断陷的主要烃源岩发育层系,目前钻井揭示其厚度大（＞700 m）,埋藏深（＞3500 m）,但钻井大都分布于深层断陷的边部,断陷内部烃源岩层揭示少。根据断陷结构样式及地震反射特征,总结出单断箕状断陷和双断地堑式断陷两种沙河子组烃源岩发育模式,并确定深层烃源岩主要有五种存在形式。断陷中部席状平行结构、成层性、连续性好的地震反射特征的烃源岩最为落实,主要为深湖-半深湖相,暗色泥岩厚度大,暗地比高（45％～70％）。深层沙河子组烃源岩总生气量约148.38×1012 m3,天然气资源潜力巨大。     

A method for sea surface wind field retrieval from SAR image mode data

To retrieve wind field from SAR images, the development for surface wind field retrieval from SAR images based on the improvement of new inversion model is present. Geophysical Model Functions(GMFs) have been widely applied for wind field retrieval from SAR images. Among them CMOD4 has a good performance under low and moderate wind conditions. Although CMOD5 is developed recently with a more fundamental basis, it has ambiguity of wind speed and a shape gradient of normalized radar cross section under low wind speed condition. This study proposes a method of wind field retrieval from SAR image by combining CMOD5 and CMOD4 Five VV-polarisation RADARSAT2 SAR images are implemented for validation and the retrieval results by a combination method(CMOD5 and CMOD4) together with CMOD4 GMF are compared with QuikSCAT wind data. The root-mean-square error(RMSE) of wind speed is 0.75 m s-1 with correlation coefficient 0.84 using the combination method and the RMSE of wind speed is 1.01 m s-1 with correlation coefficient 0.72 using CMOD4 GMF alone for those cases. The proposed method can be applied to SAR image for avoiding the internal defect in CMOD5 under low wind speed condition.     

Member 1 of Yongji Formation (Ey1) sedimentary characteristics and its origin analysis in Yitong Graben

Ey1 has the unique desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection structure as its one of the most important characteristics. It is very important to clarify sedimentary characteristics and its origin for Yitong Graben and its sedimentary facies and tectonic evolution. On the basis of the research of core analyses, well logging data analyses, sedimentary facies analyses and seismic reflection structure analyses, the authors have concluded the sedimentary characteristics of Ey1, and have carried out Ey1 sedimentary environments and its origin. The result shows that Ey1 desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection may be a series of small scale secondary sediment fans superimposition.     

基于时态数据库技术的导航信息空间关系局部动态更新方法

针对目前导航电子地图生产中导航地图数据生产周期长的问题,提出了一种基于导航数据生命周期状态维护触发器的导航地图数据生产时空动态更新模型。首先基于时空数据库技术构建了导航地图数据生产时空数据模型,构建了导航数据生命周期状态维护触发器,将导航数据空间关系分为一级几何拓扑和二级逻辑拓扑。利用触发器,使得导航数据的任何变更（几何和逻辑）得到有效记录,保证了增量包的有效导出。     

GRACE与SLR J_2项时间序列的小波分析

利用小波功率谱分析和离散小波变换,对CNES/GRGS、CSR、GFZ等研究机构发布的GRACE时变重力位模型的J2项时间序列进行了周期分析和特征提取,并与利用SLR跟踪数据获得的J2项时间序列的分析结果进行了比较,结果显示:SLR跟踪数据获得的J2项相较GRACEJ2项具有更明显的季节性变化特征.GRACE 时变重力位模型的J2项中混淆进了161天的周期信号,是由海洋潮汐模型中存在的太阳半日分潮S2项的误差引起的.     

非饱和土力学中几个基本问题的探讨

近些年非饱和土力学的研究非常活跃,但对一些基本问题的认识并不一致,有时甚至概念混淆。针对非饱和土力学的几个基本问题：非饱和土状态变量的选择、非饱和土有效应力变量的选择、吸力概念的界定和轴平移技术的局限性、非饱和土的结构的表征方法等问题进行了分析和探讨。其中非饱和土状态变量和有效应力的选择对于非饱和土力学的理论和相应本构模型的建立具有重要影响,因此,首先深入讨论了这一问题,概括论述了非饱和土有效应力的演变并深入探讨了目前各种形式有效应力的优缺点。其次,指出由于受负压孔隙水气化（液-气相变化）的影响,在实际场地中大于某一界限值的基质吸力是不存在的;目前被广泛使用的轴平移试验技术却掩盖了这一情况,而基于此所建立的非饱和土强度和变形理论的适用性需要进一步的研究和论证。再次,指出非饱和土的结构除了包括组构和颗粒之间作用力的综合效应外,还建议增加孔隙水和孔隙气的分布以及各相之间的相互作用和物理-化学作用。最后对一些容易混淆的概念进行了梳理。其目的是希望国内同行在今后的研究中对这些问题加以关注,并建立正确的认识,促进非饱和土力学沿着正确的方向发展。     

基于模糊评价理论的海洋工程采办过程风险分析方法研究

在具体研究了现代项目风险分析和风险管理常用方法基础上,将其中的事故树法、智爆法及风险指数致命度分析法相结合,利用模糊评价理论,建立了海洋工程采办过程风险分析方法。应用该方法对“曹妃甸11-1／2(CFD11-1／2)”项目的采办过程进行风险分析,得到了采办过程中的风险事故树及风险指数排序,并对风险指数较大的风险点提出建议及改进措施,进行风险规避,对工程实践起到了很好的指导作用。     

长江口邻近海域溶解态铝的分布及季节变化

基于2006年6、8、10月对长江口邻近海域的大面调查资料,分析了溶解态Al的分布及季节变化,讨论了水团混合、悬浮颗粒物及浮游植物水华对溶解态铝分布的影响。结果表明,3个航次溶解态铝的水平分布规律相似,都是近岸浓度最高,随着离岸距离的增加浓度降低,6、8、10月溶解态Al的平均浓度分别为(119±77)、(109±80)和(138±73)nmol/L,统计结果表明该海域的溶解态铝具有明显的季节变化。影响溶解态铝分布的主要因素有水团混合、底沉积物的再悬浮以及浮游植物的调节作用。