Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfall events in Jakarta

Natural Hazards - Jakarta is vulnerable to flooding and extreme rainfall events are always the main cause of the occurrence of heavy flood events with loss of life and property. The flood in...     

应用GIS研究矿产资源潜力--以云南澜沧江流域为例

应用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,深入地研究了云南澜沧江流域成矿的建造和构造,划分出不同级别的地质异常单元和有利成矿的断层影响带;分析了化探异常与相关矿床的耦合度和出现率;系统地总结了已有矿点资料,建立了矿产资源潜力评价空间分析模型.在上述研究基础上作出该地区有色、稀有、贵金属资源潜力图,对资源潜力作出评价.     

Diagenetic history and porosity evolution of Upper Carboniferous sandstones from the Spring Valley #1 well, Maritimes Basin, Canada–implications for reservoir development

Eighty-two core samples were collected from the Spring Valley #1 well which penetrates the Upper Carboniferous strata in the Late Devonian–Early Permian Maritimes Basin. The strata consist of alternating sandstones and mudstones deposited in a continental environment. The objective of this study is to characterize the relationship of sandstone porosity with depth, and to investigate the diagenetic processes related to the porosity evolution. Porosity values estimated from point counting range from 0% to 27.8%, but are mostly between 5% and 20%. Except samples that are significantly cemented by calcite, porosity values clearly decrease with depth. Two phases of calcite cement were distinguished based on Cathodoluminescence, with the early phase being largely dissolved and preserved as minor relicts in the later phase. Feldspar dissolution was extensive and contributed significantly to the development of secondary porosity. Quartz cementation was widespread and increased with depth. Fluid inclusions recorded in calcite and quartz cements indicate that interstitial fluids in the upper part of the stratigraphic column were dominated by waters with salinity lower than that of seawater, the middle part was first dominated by low-salinity waters, then invaded by brines, and the lower part was dominated by brines. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions generally increase with depth and suggest a paleogeothermal gradient of 25 °C/km, which is broadly consistent with that indicated by vitrinite reflectance data. An erosion of 1.1–2.4 (mean 1.75) km of strata is inferred to have taken place above the stratigraphic column. δ¹⁸O values of calcite cements (mainly from the late phase) decrease with depth, implying increasing temperatures of formation, as also suggested by fluid-inclusion data. δ¹³C values of calcite cements range from −13.4‰ to −5.7‰, suggesting that organic matter was an important carbon source for calcite cements. A comparison of the porosity data with a theoretical compaction curve indicates that the upper and middle parts of the stratigraphic column show higher-than-normal porosity values, which are related to significant calcite and feldspar dissolution. Meteoric incursion and carboxylic acids generated from organic maturation were probably responsible for the abundant dissolution events.     

云南白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床黄铁矿的标型特征及其成因意义

本文通过对白牛厂银多金属矿床黄铁矿的化学成分标型、微量元素标型和热电性标型的研究得出该矿床属热液喷流沉积矿床。     

Discharge prediction using hydraulic characteristics of mean velocity equation

Discharge is an important factor in river design for water utilization, water control and hydraulic structures; therefore, an accurate estimation of the discharge is required. At present, a rating curve depicting the relationship between a stage and discharge is used to calculate the discharge from river systems. Although the rating curve has an advantage in that it can predict and use the discharge during the flood season in which the measurement is difficult, there is room for improvement as it does not reflect the hydraulic characteristics of rivers. Therefore, in this study, discharge was predicted using the convenient calculation method with empirical mediating variables of the Manning and Chezy equations which were proposed by the author’s previous research as a new methodology for estimating discharge in an open channel. This was proven, based on the data measured in a meandering open channel system in a lab at the Mississippi River in the US and at the Columbia Del Dique Canal, and an accuracy level at a coefficient of 0.8 was demonstrated. Thus, this method, which reflects the hydraulic characteristics and predicts the discharge in a simple manner, is expected to be convenient in practice.     

基于流域尺度的地下水可持续开采量的确定——以饮马河流域为例

地下水可持续开采量的确定与评价既是合理开发地下水资源的基础,又是水文地质学研究中的难点。为克服没有统一的评价标准以及对众多约束条件难以定量化计算的难点,本文从提高流域内整体水资源的利用率出发,综合考虑了流域水资源整体开发利用效益和生态环境需水,以及人工调蓄作用对地下水系统的影响作用,提出了流域地下水可持续开采量的概念; 论述了所提出概念的内涵;建立了由流域水循环模拟模型、水资源开发综合效益模型和可持续开采量优化模型组成的流域地下水可持续开采量的评价体系,将流域水循环模拟模型作为研究平台,以水资源开发的综合效益模型作为选优依据,以不同生态环境需水条件为约束条件,对施加其上的各种不同调控措施进行模拟,最后通过性价比的综合分析与评估,得到可持续开发方案下的流域地下水可持续开采量。以吉林省饮马河流域为例展开实例应用,确定饮马河流域最满意的开发模式下,即水库高比例供水(水库供水4.850×108m3),保证河道适宜生态需水时,饮马河流域地下水可持续开采量为2.516×108m3/a。     

福建将乐廖家地泥石流灾害调查及防治措施

通过将乐县大源乡廖家地村泥石流灾害现场调查及遥感解译,对该泥石流灾害基本特征、爆发因素进行探讨.根据此次泥石流具有群发性、突发性和破坏性等特点,分析形成泥石流的影响因素,提出相应的防治措施.     

广西芒场锡-多金属矿田叠加褶皱构造及趋势面分析研究

本文利用传统构造地质学中小构造要素统计方法,从空间上恢复并确定了芒场锡-多金属矿田内印支早期北北西向芒场复背斜和燕山晚期北北东向褶皱;利用趋势面分析方法给出了两期褶皱的叠加部位及其控矿模型。根据叠加褶皱具等距性控矿特点,笔者预测了已知矿床外围的两个未知矿点,经野外验证和工程揭露表明,上述矿点均见有锑、银矿化。