初始场与云微物理参数方案在飑线数值模拟中的对比研究

采用CM1模式以200 m的高精度水平网格距对一次东北冷涡下的飑线过程进行模拟,采用1 km的水平网格距进行对比试验探究网格距的影响,并通过探空资料的替换与修改研究不稳定能量和垂直风切变对飑线发展的影响。研究表明,水平网格距增大主要使系统演变减缓,强度也有一定的减弱;初始场的不稳定能量减小会使飑线减弱明显,直至无法生成;垂直风切变对飑线的形成影响较小,主要改变了飑线的结构,没有垂直风切变时形成的飑线更为松散。最后的敏感性试验研究了7种云微物理参数方案对飑线内水粒子分布的影响,发现不同的云微物理参数方案会使水粒子的含量和分布出现变化,进一步影响固、液态的降水,飑线模拟采用的NA方案高层冰和雪含量最高,但由于雨和降落到地表的雹、霰含量低,使得累计降水量最小。     

中国面波震级研究

利用中国现行公式测算的面波震级是个争论已久的问题。本文提出了一些新的看法 ,它在 90°零点严重失控 ,致使震级水平偏高 ,与国际上没有可比性。在地震月报和年报中长期地、大量地、不规范地使用单一水平向记录测报Ms ,这不仅不符合公式定义 ,是一种概念性的失误 ,而且也降低了公式的理论测值。利用中国一类台站实际观测资料 ,并且采用与其他文献不同的方法 ,分三段震中距建立起三个新的计算公式 ,其震级水平与IASPEI标度一致 ,并在均匀程度上有所改善 ,从而能够彻底消除中国面波震级与国际主要地震机构所测面波震级的不协调性     

综合应用固体潮观测资料求解钻孔应变地震波

由于钻孔内外的介质模型的力学性能不能测定,不能用波动方程来解钻孔应变地震波.为此,利用钻孔应变固体潮观测资料的调和拟合结果,对钻孔应变仪进行标定,或用摆式地震仪测出的位移进行标定,求出钻孔应变的应力响应系数,用平衡方程的解近似地代替波动方程的解.文中还导出了计算地震震级的公式和计算钻孔周围岩石弹性系数的方法,不但解决了上述难题,还使计算大为简化.     

Observational climatology and characteristics of wintertime atmospheric blocking over Ural–Siberia

This study investigates the climatological aspects and temporal characteristics of wintertime Ural-Siberian blocking (USB, centered over 30°–100°E), for the period 1980/1981–2009/2010. Sixty-eight events are identified and their physical structure is diagnosed using thermodynamic and geostrophic vorticity tendency equations. In climatology, horizontal advections play a fundamental role in constructing a USB event, in which the anticyclonic center is a warm core in the troposphere and a cold core in the lower stratosphere. The decay of the thermal structure is related to diabatic cooling along the vertical structure and warm advection in the lower stratosphere. Meanwhile, the collapse of the height structure is caused primarily by cyclonic vorticity advection. A strong interrelationship exists between the intensity and extension of USB events. The temporal characteristics of USB events are analyzed by examining strong and weak events, which are of high and low intensity. The strong events are probably preceded by an open ridge over Europe and a cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea, and their formation is followed by the stronger amplification of a Rossby wave packet across Eurasia. On the other hand, the weak events are likely to be triggered by surface cold anomalies over Siberia. Overall, the evolution of a USB event forms a dynamic linkage with the Siberian high, in which the decay stage of the USB event is accompanied by a southeastward migration of the Siberian high and a subsequent cold air outbreak in East Asia. These results advance our understanding of USB and its relationship with East Asian winter monsoon activities.     

多宝山斑岩铜矿区水热蚀变矿物的激光显微探针40Ar/39Ar定年

在利用脉冲显微激光探针⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年技术测定标准样品的J值和年龄适用范围的基础上,研究了黑龙江省嫩江县北部多宝山斑岩铜矿区水热成因矿物的年代学。结果表明,高钾含量的水热蚀变矿物适合于激光探针的表面微区测定,并且可以克服水热蚀变矿物中的³⁹Ar “反冲”丢失对年龄结果的影响。矿区的岩浆-水热事件主要有两期,分别为253-220Ma和184-162Ma,前者代表了成矿时代,后者反映出由成矿期后岩浆活动所引起的水热叠加事件。     

铂族元素地球化学标准物质的研制

ＧＰｔ＿１～７系列标准物质由土壤、水系沉积物、富镁超基性岩、富铁超基性岩、含铜镍贫铂矿石及铬铁矿等不同类型７个样品组成。铂族元素的含量范围从土壤和岩石的背景含量到矿石达４～５个数量级。经方差检验样品均匀度良好。标准物质的定值分析采用了不同类型的试金和湿化学法分离富集,以原子吸收、催化比色、催化极谱、等离子体质谱、发射光谱和中子活化等方法进行测定。定值的元素为Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｏｓ、Ｒｕ、Ｉｒ、Ｒｈ６个铂族元素及Ａｕ。该系列标准物质主要适于作铂族元素地球化学勘查和铂矿勘查中铂族元素分析的量值标准与测试的质量监控。     

Comparison of turbulence schemes for prediction of wave-induced near-bed sediment suspension above a plane bed

Based on a wave bottom boundary layer model and a sediment advection-diffusion model, seven turbulence schemes are compared regarding their performances in prediction of near-bed sediment suspension beneath waves above a plane bed. These turbulence algorithms include six empirical eddy viscosity schemes and one standard two-equation k-ε model. In particular, different combinations of typical empirical formulas for the eddy viscosity profile and for the wave friction factor are examined. Numerical results are compared with four laboratory data sets, consisting of one wave boundary layer hydrodynamics experiment and three sediment suspension experiments under linear waves and the Stokes second-order waves. It is shown that predictions of near-bed sediment suspension are very sensitive to the choices of the empirical formulas in turbulence schemes. Simple empirical turbulence schemes are possible to perform equally well as the two-equation k-ε model. Among the empirical schemes, the turbulence scheme, combining the exponential formula for eddy viscosity and Swart formula for wave friction factor, is the most accurate. It maintains the simplicity and yields identically good predictions as the k-ε model does in terms of the wave-averaged sediment concentration.     

Abundances of chemical elements of the granitoids in different geotectonic units of China and their characteristics

On the basis of actual analytical data of 767 composited samples collected mainly from about 750 large to middle representative granitoid bodies all over China, the average chemical compositions and element abundances of about 70 chemical elements of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, FeO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, H₂O⁺, CO₂, TFe₂O₃, Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, F, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Zn, Zr, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y in alkalifeldspar granite, syenogranite and adamellite in 7 geotectonic units in China such as Tianshan-Xing’an orogenic series, Sino-Korean metaplatform, Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling orogenic series, Yunnan-Tibet orogenic series, Yangtze metaplatform, South China-Youjiang orogenic zone and Himalayan orogenic belt, are calculated and presented in this paper. In addition, the characteristics of petrochemical parameters, trace element contents and rare earth element distributions of different rock types of the granitoids in different geotectonic units are also sufficiently discussed. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(1): 47–59 [译自: 地质学报]     

豫东地区早期社会复杂化进程的农业经济基础——以河南淮阳平粮台遗址为例

新石器时代晚期开始的社会复杂化进程是探索中华文明起源的关键所在。作为社会变革的经济基础,这一时期的农业发展状况自然成为众多相关研究中不可或缺的一环。豫东地区的淮阳平粮台遗址因其中轴对称的城市布局、成熟完备的排水系统,被认为开创了中国城市规划的先河,在中华文明起源的研究中占据着特殊的地位。本研究通过对2016~2019年平粮台遗址发掘中系统获取的植物遗存进行鉴定和分析,揭示了豫东地区早期复杂社会形成到早期国家阶段的生业经济基础。平粮台遗址龙山文化时期的农业结构以粟黍为主,兼有少量水稻和大豆,这一作物结构在商周时期也未发生显著的变化。直到战国秦汉时期,粟仍然是当地最主要的农作物,同时小麦所占比重大幅提升,重要性仅次于粟。区域性的比较分析显示,这一农业模式在豫东及其邻近地区具有较高的一致性,旱作农业是当地早期社会复杂化进程的经济基础。

     

基于三维空间的电力设施灾害数据挖掘

近年来,随着电子、计算机等技术的飞速发展,三维GIS的应用渐趋成熟,以往设想中的许多应用逐渐成为了现实。比如城市应急反应、虚拟旅游、智能交通、城市规划与设计等领域中,三维GIS都有广泛成熟的应用。尤其是在电力行业的应用中,三维技术除了能更好地展现三维场景、电力模型等,还能够和灾害模型相结合,进行电力设施灾害结果预测等。本文提出的基于三维空间的灾害数据挖掘方法,涉及灾害分布空间分析和空间数据挖掘的方法,是一种在三维地理信息技术下灾害分布情况对于电力设施影响程度的数据挖掘方法。