Zinc,copper, and strontium isotopic variability in the Baiyangping Cu–Pb–Zn–Ag polymetallic ore field,Lanping Basin,Southwest China

Acta Geochimica - The Baiyangping Cu–Ag polymetallic ore district is located in the northern part of the Lanping-Simao foreland fold belt, between the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan and Lancangjiang...     

基于深度置信网络的煤层含气量测井解释研究

为了解决煤层含气量定量解释问题,将煤层测井数据与煤心解吸数据作为输入和输出参数,构建深度置信网络(DBN),进而预测煤层含气量。研究以甘肃合水地区测井数据为例,筛选出该地区120组煤层样品作为DBN样本分析数据。选择短源距自然伽马、自然伽马、密度、长源距自然伽马和浅侧向5条测井曲线,作为DBN的输入参数,煤层气含量作为DBN的输出参数,研究RBM数量和隐藏神经元数量对计算结果的影响。并通过概率统计法、BPNN、DBN和SVM计算了30组煤层的煤层气含量,比较不同方法的预测效果。结果表明:①受限玻尔兹曼机(RBM)对DBN计算结果的精度有一定的影响,RBM数量达到7层时,预测结果准确性更高;②选择合适的隐藏层神经元数量,可以保证计算结果的精度和稳定性,神经元数量为20时,预测结果精度更高,稳定性更好;③RBM使得DBN的准确性高于BPNN,此外,DBN的计算准确性和稳定性高于概率统计法和SVM。     

Spectral induced polarization study on enzyme induced carbonate precipitations: influences of size and content on stiffness of a fine sand

Heterogeneity in either chemically or microbiologically induced carbonate-based ground improvement methods is a major obstacle in engineering application. Spectral induced polarization (SIP), an innovative and nondestructive method, which has demonstrated promise in monitoring microbial activity, was used in this study to monitor enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP). The complex conductivities, together with the shear wave velocities (V_s), of an EICP modified sand were monitored using a self-developed spectral induced polarization–bender element column. The mean precipitate size was calculated by relaxation time (τ) and the Schwarz equation. The precipitate contents were calculated by cumulative gamma distribution function on the global polarization magnitude (m_n) with R²?=?0.989. The stiffness of the enhanced geomaterial, in terms of V_s, correlates to m_n with a cumulative lognormal distribution function with R²?=?0.967. Contact cementation was postulated as the dominant association pattern. The possible mechanism for this may be the formation of eddies and the nucleation of CaCO₃ crystals during precipitation. The results suggest that SIP can be used as an effective nondestructive monitoring tool to assess the stiffness of geomaterials.

     

铁轨下采空区上覆地基稳定性分析

采空区上覆岩体在不能承受二次分布的应力时产生跨落塌陷,危及到地表,造成地表建筑物和设施的损坏。采空区上覆建筑物地基稳定性分析是预防灾害的前提和基础。应用采空区上覆建筑物临界安全加载深度法对某矿区上覆铁路地基稳定性进行分析,得出对研究区内H1巷道上覆地基稳定,不需要加固治理,采空区C1和C2上覆地基不稳定,需要加固治理,该结论为预防大规模灾害的发生和治理资源的分配提供了依据。     

基于三维空间的电力设施灾害数据挖掘

近年来,随着电子、计算机等技术的飞速发展,三维GIS的应用渐趋成熟,以往设想中的许多应用逐渐成为了现实。比如城市应急反应、虚拟旅游、智能交通、城市规划与设计等领域中,三维GIS都有广泛成熟的应用。尤其是在电力行业的应用中,三维技术除了能更好地展现三维场景、电力模型等,还能够和灾害模型相结合,进行电力设施灾害结果预测等。本文提出的基于三维空间的灾害数据挖掘方法,涉及灾害分布空间分析和空间数据挖掘的方法,是一种在三维地理信息技术下灾害分布情况对于电力设施影响程度的数据挖掘方法。     

Characteristics of Seafloor Morphology and Ferromanganese Nodule Occurrence in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) Area,NE Equatorial Pacific

Abstract

Seafloor morphology and ferromanganese nodule occurrence were studied using a multibeam side scan sonar (SeaBeam, 2000) and a deep-sea camera system in the Korea Deep-sea Environmental Study (KODES) area, northeast equatorial Pacific. Seafloor morphology and nodule abundance are highly variable even in this small study area. The NNE-SSW oriented hills are parallel and about 100–200 m high. Valleys are very flat-floored, while hilltops are rugged with depressions of tens of meters. Cliffs to about 100 m bound the valleys and the hills. The study area can be classified into three types based both on nodule occurrence and seafloor morphology, mostly G- and B-types and some M-type. G-type is characterized by high nodule abundance, ubiquitous bioturbation, and flat seafloor morphology, while B-type is characterized by irregular-shaped nodules, variable nodule abundance, occurrence of giant nodules and sediment lumps, rugged bottom morphology with depressions, and white calcareous surface sediments. Medium nodule abundance and a generally flat seafloor characterize M-type. G-type occurs mostly in the valley regions, while B-type is on the hilltop areas. M-type is located between the hilltop and the valley. Tectonic movement of the Pacific plate resulted in the elongated abyssal hills and cliffs. The rugged morphology on hilltops resulted from erosion and redistribution of surface siliceous sediments on hilltops by bottom currents, outcropping of underlying calcareous sediments, and dissolution of the carbonate sediments by corrosive bottom water undersaturated with CaCO₃. Sediment eroded from the hills, which is relatively young and organic-rich, is deposited in the valleys, and diagenetic metal supply to manganese nodules in the valley area is more active than on the hills. We suggest that tectonic movement ultimately constrains morphology, surface sediment facies, bottom currents and sediment redistribution, bioturbation, thickness of the sedimentary layer, and other conditions, which are all interrelated and control nodule occurrence. The best potential area for mining in the study area is the G-type valley zones with about 3–4 km width and NNW-SSE orientation.     

奠边府断裂带的走滑特征及其区域构造分析

位于越南西北部的奠边府(Dien Bien Phu)断裂,向北延伸入中国云南境内,向南进入老挝境内,走向由近N—S向向南逐渐过渡为NE—SW向,倾角陡立。沿断裂带发育3个具有不同运动学机制的第四纪盆地——婵讷(Chan Nua)盆地、莱州(Lai Chau)盆地和奠边府盆地。根据对奠边府断裂带地区ETM遥感数据进行详细解译以及野外实地考察,得到奠边府断裂具有早期的右行走滑和后期的左行走滑特征的证据;并且根据断裂两侧水系受断裂影响发生左错的程度不同,认为奠边府断裂的西盘相对于东盘较为活动,即为主动盘。奠边府断裂北延进入越南境内,与金平地区的三家河断裂相连,并继续向北并入哀牢山剪切带中。奠边府断裂现今的左行走滑与红河断裂现今的右行走滑共同组成了一组共轭断裂系。     

Analytical solution of water table fluctuations above an inclined leaky layer due to ditch recharge

Ditch recharge is a method used for raising a water table. However, if the aquifer lies above a leaky layer, then the leaky bed will have an effect on the height of the water table. This paper attempts to provide an analytical solution of the transient state to the linearized Boussinesq equation. The solution proposed in this paper is intended for a generalized form of the leaky layer, with the boundary condition of the water level moving according to an exponential form. The results of theoretical analysis and experimental studies can provide a much better explanation of ditch recharge on an inclined leaky layer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effects of self-gravity on the solar nebula

We study the distribution and transport of angular momentum in a self-gravitating accretion disk formed during the collapse of a rotating gas cloud. Using the surface density for the low-viscosity models and minimum-mass models presented by Cassen and Summers, Poisson's equation is solved explicitly to determine the effects of self-gravitation of the protostellar disk. Analytic expressions for the angular momentum of the central star and other relevant quantities of interest during the formation stage are presented.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.On leave from the City College of the City University of New York, U.S.A.