可可西里盆地瘭生代沉积演化历史重建

青藏高原北部可可西里盆地是高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地，分布着厚度达5737.5m的新生代沉积。本文根据遍布整个盆地的野外实测剖面和地质观察点资料，采有典型剖面精确古地磁测年为基础的时间框架，开展沉积层序、岩笥特征、沉环境和古水流变化综合对比研究，将可可西里盆地新生代（约56Ma至约16Ma）划分为7个演化阶段，其中在30Ma至约23Ma期间盆地经历抬升变形，没有沉积作用发生。结果显示，前6个阶段（约56Ma至30Ma），盆地沉积中心逐渐向北、向东迁移，盆地南缘和西缘的构造逆冲作用逐步加强，而且在晚渐新世发生强烈南北向地壳缩短，反映青藏高原腹地早期隆升过程中依靠南北向地壳缩短和北东向逆冲扩展作用来实现的。在早中新世（约23Ma至约16Ma），盆地沉积物遭受低度变形，表明此期间高原以差异隆升为主。     

西藏最新非碳酸盐海相沉积及其对新特提斯关闭的意义

西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰北部的定日遮普惹山地区存在一套与过去斩最新海相沉积不同的新地层－朋曲组。它与下伏遮普惹组呈整合接触，与上覆第四系呈不整合，识别的钙质微化石带NP15、NP16和NP20将本区的最高海相层位提高到了始新世普里亚本末期（31Ma），较之过去的认识推了迟16－19Ma，朋曲线为一套非碳酸盐沉积厚约180m，分为下部黄绿色页岩含砂岩和上部紫红色砂页岩两部分，系入海三角洲相。该套最新非碳酸盐海相沉积对东段新特提斯的关闭时间和方式具有重要参考价值，并概括为：（1）始新世鲁帝特期初期（巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部）→（2）普里亚本末期（西藏南部的仲巴－定日）（－岗巴））→（3）渐新世末期（塔里木海湾＋印度－缅甸山岭地区－安达曼岛弧）→（4）中新世早期的末期（巴基斯坦Katawaz残留盆地）。     

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿地质背景

采用构造－沉积综合分析的方法，研究了金顶超大型铅锌矿床成矿的盆地、构造和深部地质背景。研究表明，控矿的古新世－中始新世盆地为走滑拉张盆地，研究区先后经历了古新世－中始新世早期的走滑和拉伸，中始新世－渐新世的挤压推覆和中新世的隆升和走滑，分析了盆地演化、沉积体系、同生断裂活动和逆冲推覆等对金顶超大型铅锌矿床的控制作用，探讨了可能的成矿过程。     

Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xil basin, northern Tibet

A sedimentary succession more than 5800 m thick, including the Lower Eocene to Lower Oligocene Fenghuoshan Group, the Lower Oligocene Yaxicuo Group, and the Lower Miocene Wudaoliang Group, is widely distributed in the Hoh Xil piggyback basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan plateau. The strata of the Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups have undergone strong deformation, whereas only minor tilting has occurred in the Wudaoliang Group. We analyze their sedimentary facies and depositional systems to help characterize continental collision and early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The results indicate fluvial, lacustrine, and fan-delta facies for the Fenghuoshan Group, fluvial and lacustrine facies for the Yaxicuo Group, and lacustrine facies for the Wudaoliang Group. Development of the Hoh Xil basin underwent three stages: (1) the Fenghuoshan Group was deposited mainly in the Fenghuoshan-Hantaishan sub-basin between 56.0 and 31.8 Ma ago; (2) the Yaxicuo Group was deposited mainly in the Wudaoliang and Zhuolai Lake sub-basins between 31.8 and 30.0 Ma ago; and (3) the Wudaoliang Group was deposited throughout the entire Hoh Xil basin during the Early Miocene. The Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups were deposited in piggyback basins during the Early Eocene to Early Oligocene, whereas the Wudaoliang Group was deposited in a relatively stable large lake. The Hoh Xil basin underwent two periods of strong north–south shortening, which could have been produced by the collision between India and Asia and the early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The study suggests the Hoh Xil region could reach a high elevation during the Late Oligocene and the diachronous uplift history for the Tibetan plateau from east to west.     

藏南晚白垩世旋回地层学研究:以定日贡扎剖面为例

旋回地层学是提高地质年代标尺精度的一种重要方法。特提斯海相沉积是旋回地层学研究的良好对象,与西特提斯比较,东特提斯的旋回地层学研究程度较低,第四纪之前的研究精确度有待进一步的提高。西藏南部广泛出露海相白垩系,其中定日贡扎剖面出露的上白垩统尤为连续和完整。在对贡扎剖面野外观察及其层束厚度测量的基础上,通过快速傅立叶变换(FFT),分析该地层蕴含的地球轨道周期,得到了与理论值较为接近的结果:偏心率周期,4092 ka/周期(E1),1279 ka/周期(E2),93 ka/周期(E5);斜率周期,512 ka/周期(O1),409 ka/周期(O2),389 ka/周期(O2)。在功率谱分析过程中,利用层束和超层束组的关系进行了调谐的处理,并比较调谐前后结果,来确定调谐的重要性,证明该地层沉积速率的变化:地层由老至新,其沉积速率的变化趋势整体为由小变大,变化范围为086～253 cm/ka。进一步对比东西特提斯和其他地区研究结果,证明东西特提斯海相沉积在外形、成因和所蕴含的轨道周期的一致性,地球轨道周期变长与理论值变化的一致性。最后给出了下一步工作的建议。 关键词：藏南; 定日; 晚白垩世; Coniacian阶; 旋回地层学     

Burial Records of Reactive Iron in Cretaceous Black Shales and Oceanic Red Beds from Southern Tibet

One of the new directions in the field of Cretaceous research is to elucidate the mechanism of the sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to oceanic red beds. A chemical sequential extraction method was applied to these two types of rocks from southern Tibet to investigate the burial records of reactive iron. Results indicate that carbonate-associated iron and pyrite are relatively enriched in the black shales, but depleted or absent in red beds. The main feature of the reactive iron in the red beds is relative enrichment of iron oxides （largely hematite）, which occurred during syn-depostion or early diagenesis. The ratio between iron oxides and the total iron indicates an oxygen-enriched environment for red bed deposition. A comparison between the reactive iron burial records and proxies of paleo-productivity suggests that paleo-productivity decreases when the ratio between iron oxides and the total iron increases in the red beds. This phenomenon could imply that the relationship between marine redox and productivity might be one of the reasons for the sedimentary transition from Cretaceous black shale to oceanic red bed deposition.     

中国南方二叠纪Ⅰ型层序界面沉积记录及事件分析

中国南方二叠纪１１个层序中的Ｓ１,Ｓ６,Ｓ７和Ｓ１１四个Ⅰ型层序底界面具有特征沉积记录,反映在岩相,地球化学和生物演化方程,尤其是作为与海平面下降特征相对应的古风化壳,古喀斯特标志风化残积硅铝／铁铝粘土层,铝质粘土层,残积角砾灰岩或淡水胶结等现象广为发育。二叠纪各相关I型层序底界面的分布及其之上的火山沉积、沉积背景转变等具有重要的事件意义。研究结果表明：S1底界面对应的是构造事件,即范围较广的黔桂运动; S7底界面反映的构造事件为东吴运动;S6和S11的底界面均代表海平面下降事件。中国南方二叠纪的层序地层捌分及其性质不能用一种方案和一种模式套用。     

滇西高原第四纪以来的隆升和剥蚀

由滇西高原内古夷平面的抬高、外流水系的河流阶地、高原外营歌海盆地和琼东南盆地的沉积响应,共同揭示滇西高原第四纪以来的快速隆升和剥蚀历史。第四纪以来滇西高原区域性抬升了610～700余米、被剥蚀了1095～1600m,其平均剥蚀速率为0．68～0．94mm／a。根据河流阶地计算出第四纪以来各时段的隆升速率;隆升在0．386～0．296Ma达到峰期,隆升速率为2．24～2．SOmm／a;1．6～0.647Ma隆升速率最缓慢为0．68～0．94mm／a。滇西高原第四纪以来的隆升量和隆升峰期与同期的青藏高原具有相似性,但隆升速率明显低于东喜马拉雅构造结的隆升速率。     

THE STUDY AND DISCUSSION ON “DIGITAL QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU”

THE STUDY AND DISCUSSION ON “DIGITAL QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU”     

The Yarlung–Zangbo paleo-ophiolite, southern Tibet: implications for the dynamic evolution of the Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone

The Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone, a major geological structure in Tibet, is well known as the locus of tectonic emplacement of the Tethyan ophiolites. Current models propose that most of the East Tethyan oceanic lithosphere was subducted within a single subduction zone, active during the Middle or Late Cretaceous, which was completed during the Paleogene collision between India and Asia. The Early Cretaceous sedimentary Giabulin Formation in southern Tibet, includes conglomeratic members that contain ultramafic and mafic plutonic pebbles, as well as radiolarian chert clasts, that record the erosion of oceanic lithosphere involved in a subduction event which occurred earlier than previously believed. Geochemical analyses, mineral chemistry, stratigraphic chronology, and sedimentary analysis, including source provenance, suggest that the pebbly conglomerate was formed through erosion of an unknown ophiolitic source that was geochemically distinguishable from the Xigaze ophiolites within the Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone, southern Tibet. We infer the existence of an older ophiolitic source, termed the Yarlung–Zangbo paleo-ophiolite, that was dismembered and eroded during an earlier subduction stage not taken into account in current models.