三维规划辅助决策系统的设计与实现

为实现城市可持续发展,弥补二维规划辅助决策系统的不足,需建立三维规划辅助决策系统。本文从系统架构设计、数据结构设计、系统功能设计三个方面设计并开发了三维规划辅助决策系统,并已在安康等多个省市得到了实际应用,为各个省市规划部门提供了极具价值的辅助决策信息。     

时空大数据分类体系研究

“统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责,统一行使所有国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复职责”是自然资源部组建后对时空大数据组织分类提出的新需求。本文在梳理总结国内大数据分类体系的演化特点和解析中国现行时空大数据分类体系存在的问题的基础上,结合自然资源部对大数据分类的需求,通过历史继承、合并和添加,提出了一套既能服务于自然资源部“两统一”职责,又能服务于全社会的时空大数据分类体系。研究建立的时空大数据分类体系为3级分类,共6种类型,分为17个一级类型,68个二级类型,24个三级类型,该分类较之前最明显的变化是将自然资源数据单独分为一大类,该分类对于大数据的组织管理具有重要意义。     

中低温水井清洁型凝胶压裂液设计与研究

基岩水井压裂增水技术自研发以来取得较为良好的增产效果,但该技术目前仍存在适用性差、增产效果不确定等问题。基于压裂增水过程中流体流态和裂缝宽度影响因素分析的结果,确定了提高压裂液粘度是较为经济、有效的增产技术措施。开展了水井和中低温地热井清洁型凝胶压裂液配方的设计工作,进行了稠化剂、pH值调节剂、交联剂和破胶剂选配与性能实验,研发了适用于水井和中低温地热井（30~80 ℃）清洁型凝胶压裂液体系并开展现场试验。对凝胶压裂液配液应用难点与使用成本进行了分析,进一步补充完善了水井压裂增水技术在压裂液方向的研究。     

封隔器式膨胀管护壁技术研发与应用

基岩复杂地层因其地层稳定性差,易出现塌孔、掉块、缩径和漏失等问题,严重影响着水井钻探工程质量和钻探效率。膨胀管技术是解决复杂地层护壁技术难题的有效措施,但常规的膨胀管技术成本高、工艺复杂,不适用于水井钻探成井工作,基于此开展了封隔器式膨胀管技术研究工作。该技术使用封隔器作为膨胀机构,使薄壁金属管在目标层段胀开并紧贴井壁,达到护壁、堵漏和套管补贴的目的。本文介绍了膨胀管系统研发与施工工艺,并实施了膨胀管护壁与套管补贴修复现场试验,实现了膨胀管技术在水井钻探成井领域中的首次应用。     

基于断层滑动矢量应力反演的燕山中段中侏罗世–早白垩世构造应力场序列

燕山板内造山带中段承德一带地层记录齐全且构造变形复杂。该区域主要构造形迹及其运动学特征已经得到了比较系统的研究,但有关形成这些构造形迹的古构造应力场及其演变过程的研究鲜有报道。本文根据断层滑动矢量应力反演理论和方法,通过露头与区域尺度断层运动学数据的搜集与处理,结合研究区域构造层划分特征及主要岩石地层单位的年代学资料,对研究区中侏罗世–早白垩世的构造应力场演变过程进行了研究。经过对擦痕数据进行应力反演并综合分析,共划分出3期5阶段应力场:中侏罗世下花园组沉积之后–髫髻山组火山活动之前的NNW向挤压(D1)(约173~165 Ma);晚侏罗世土城子组沉积中–晚期N-S向挤压(D2-1)(约152~139 Ma);早白垩世初土城子组沉积期末NNE-NE向挤压(D2-2)(约139~135 Ma);以及早白垩世张家口组火山喷发之后垂向挤压主导的多向伸展(D3-1)和NW-NNW向弱挤压(D3-2)(约125 Ma之后)。其中,中–晚侏罗世至早白垩世初以挤压为主,最大主压应力方向发生了大约60°的顺时针旋转,且土城子组沉积作用发生于此挤压作用为主的构造背景之下。早白垩世以伸展为主,并有弱挤压作用出现。同时,研究区内未发现与中侏罗世以来古太平洋板块或伊佐奈岐(Izanagi)板块俯冲作用相关的近W-E向或NW-SE向挤压应力场的存在,可能与克拉通内部变形不均匀有关。     

Multi-Wavelength Observations of Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in a Solar Flare

We have performed a search for flares and quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) from low-mass M-dwarf stars using Transient Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) two-minute cadence data. We find seven stars that show evidence of QPPs. Using Fourier and empirical mode decomposition techniques, we confirm the presence of 11 QPPs in these seven stars with a period between 10.2 and 71.9 minutes, including an oscillation with strong drift in the period and a double-mode oscillation. The fraction of flares that showed QPPs (7%) is higher than other studies of stellar flares, but it is very similar to the fraction of solar C-class flares. Based on the stellar parameters taken from the TESS Input Catalog, we determine the lengths and magnetic-field strengths of the flare coronal loops using the period of the QPPs and various assumptions about the origin of the QPPs. We also use a scaling relationship based on flares from the Sun and solar-type stars and the observed energy, plus the duration of the flares, finding that the different approaches predict loop lengths that are consistent to within a factor of about two. We also discuss the flare frequency of the seven stars determining whether this could result in ozone depletion or abiogenesis in any orbiting exoplanet. Three of our stars have a sufficiently high rate of energetic flares, which are likely to cause abiogenesis. However, two of these stars are also in the range where ozone depletion is likely to occur. We speculate on the implications of the flare rates, loop lengths, and QPPs for life on potential exoplanets orbiting in their host star’s habitable zone.

     

Closed-loop SRME based on 3D L1-norm sparse inversion

In many situations, the quality of seismic imaging is largely determined by a proper multiple attenuation as preprocessing step. Despite the widespread application of surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) and estimation of primaries by sparse inversion (EPSI) for the removal of multiples, there still exist some limitations in the process of prediction and subtraction (SRME) or inversion (EPSI), which make the efficiency of multiple attenuation less satisfactory. To solve these problems, a new fully data-driven method called closed-loop SRME was proposed, which combines the robustness of SRME and the multi-dimensional inversion strategy of EPSI. Due to the selection of inversion approach and constraint, primary estimation by closed-loop SRME may fall into a local optimum during the solving process, which lowers the accuracy of deep information and weakens the continuity of seismic events. To avoid these shortcomings, we first modified the solving method for closed-loop SRME to an L1 norm-based bi-convex optimization method, which stabilizes the solution. Meanwhile, in the L1 norm constraint-based optimization process, the 3D sparsifying transform, being a 2D Curvelet-1D wavelet transform, is brought in as a 3D sparse constraint. In the 3D sparsifying domain, the data become sparser, thus making the result of optimization more accurate, the information of seismic events more continuous and the resolution higher. Examples on both synthetic and field data demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper, compared with the traditional SRME and closed-loop SRME, have an excellent effect on primary estimation and suppress multiples effectively.     

单道地震资料处理关键技术研究及在长岛海域的应用

单道地震作为海上地震勘探测量方式的一种,采用自激自收的测量方式,具有施工效率高、资料处理解释快速的优点,广泛应用于海上地质调查。本文对单道地震资料处理方法进行了研究,提出了一整套处理流程,重点是采用SRME算法对多次波进行压制,提高数据信噪比。将上述算法应用于长岛海域单道地震资料处理,取得了良好的效果。     

1978年改革开放以来中国旅游业发展的地理格局

运用基尼系数、首位度分析、热点分析和Pearson相关分析,从全国和地区两种尺度对1978年改革开放40年来中国旅游业发展格局进行了研究。分析发现：① 旅游业发展格局的整体特征是东高西低,南高北低;入境旅游长期呈现极化分布的特征,广东是入境旅游的“极核”,京—沪处于第二梯队,甘—新—青—藏—宁发展滞后;国内旅游经历了极化分布到均衡分布的过程。② 旅游业发展格局阶段性特征：现代旅游起始阶段——入境旅游极化严重,广东地位举足轻重;国内旅游培育阶段——入境旅游空间结构未变（广东第一,北京第二,上海第三）,国内旅游总体极化分布;旅游大发展阶段——北京入境旅游地位逐渐被上海取代,国内旅游总体均衡分布;旅游新常态阶段——入境旅游空间结构改善,国内旅游第一层级省份明显增加,出境旅游稳步快速增长,北京、上海引领出境旅游人均消费。③ 影响中国旅游业发展的因素比较多元：政策、管理制度、旅游需求、旅游吸引物、经济水平、消费水平、产业发展、投资状况、交通条件、食宿服务、中介服务和对外开放程度等因素对中国国内旅游和入境旅游均有不同程度的影响。