鲁中隆起区稀土矿成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

鲁中隆起区位于沂沭断裂带西侧,区内与稀土成矿有关的岩浆岩和断裂构造发育,圈定多处放射性异常,La、Y等地球化学异常和独居石、钍石等重砂异常,具有较好的稀土矿成矿地质条件。区内已发现稀土矿床（点）6处,矿化点10处,显示了较大的找矿潜力。区内稀土矿成矿类型主要为岩浆热液型,典型稀土矿为郗山稀土矿;有些矿化点成矿类型为伟晶岩型和冲洪积型。成矿期主要为中生代白垩纪,有些矿化点成矿期为新太古代、中奥陶纪和第四纪。区内内生稀土矿主要控矿因素为与稀土矿成因相关的岩浆岩和构造。与稀土矿成因相关的岩浆岩主要为中生代的郗山、沙沟、关帝庙、鹿野、腰关、崔家沟、东马山单元和古生代常马庄单元。本文总结了区内稀土矿成矿规律,划分成矿远景区3个;划分找矿靶区11个,分析了今后区内找矿方向和工作方法,以期实现稀土矿成矿新突破。     

Groundwater Microbial Communities Along a Generalized Flowpath in Nomhon Area,Qaidam Basin,China

Spatial distribution (horizonal and vertical) of groundwater microbial communities and the hydrogeochemistry in confined aquifers were studied approximately along the groundwater flow path from coteau to plain in the Nomhon area, Qinghai‐Tibet plateau, China. The confined groundwater samples at different depths and locations were collected in three boreholes through a hydrogeological section in this arid and semi‐arid area. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes and multivariate statistical analysis were used to elucidate similarities and differences between groundwater microbial communities and hydrogeochemical properties. The integrated isotopic geochemical measurements were applied to estimate the source and recharge characteristics of groundwater. The results showed that groundwater varied from fresh to saline water, and modern water to ancient water following the flowpath. The recharge characteristics of the saline water was distinct with that of fresh water. Cell abundance did not vary greatly along the hydrogeochemical zonality; however, dissimilarities in habitat‐based microbial community structures were evident, changing from Betaproteobacteria in the apex of alluvial fan to Gammaproteobacteria and then to Epsilonproteobacteria in the core of the basin (alluvial‐lacustrine plain). Rhodoferax, Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomonas, and bacterium isolated from similar habitats unevenly thrived in the spatially distinct fresh water environments, while Sulfurimonas dominanted in the saline water environment. The microbial communities presented likely reflected to the hydrogeochemical similarities and zonalities along groundwater flowpath.     

顾及垂线偏差影响的高原铁路隧道洞内旁点导线网测量精度分析

高海拔、大高差及贯通距离长等特殊环境给川藏铁路特长隧道控制测量带来了诸多不利影响,为在川藏地区建立满足精度要求的隧道洞内平面控制网,需要进行实地勘察、测量及数据计算分析实验.本文介绍了一种铁路隧道洞内旁点导线网测量新方法,提出利用EGM2008重力场模型来计算隧道洞外控制点的垂线偏差;顾及是否对进洞联系边全站仪水平方向...     

基于矩阵模型进行抗荧光干扰的蓝藻原位检测方法

藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a作为特征色素常用于表征蓝藻的生物量.藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a通常用荧光光谱或原位荧光强度检测,但是在实际水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a的荧光效应相互干扰会影响测量精度,极大限制了该方法的应用.本文根据朗伯比尔定律,利用二阶矩阵模型设计了一套在荧光检测过程中"激发光-发射光"优化抗干扰的波长选择方法,并利用多元线性回归分析建立了两种色素浓度与荧光强度之间的多元校正线性模型,实验验证了所筛选蓝藻荧光分析法中特定激发光和发射光波长的有效性.本研究实现了两种色素检测过程中的成功解耦,可在藻蓝蛋白的原位检测中排除水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a之间的相互干扰,提高藻蓝蛋白和叶绿素a的原位检测精度,为开发便携式蓝藻检测传感器时的波长选择提供理论基础.     

Seismic traveltime inversion of 3D velocity model with triangulated interfaces

Seismic traveltime tomographic inversion has played an important role in detecting the internal structure of the solid earth. We use a set of blocks to approximate geologically complex media that cannot be well described by layered models or cells. The geological body is described as an aggregate of arbitrarily shaped blocks, which are separated by triangulated interfaces. We can describe the media as homogenous or heterogeneous in each block. We define the velocities at the given rectangle grid points for each block, and the heterogeneous velocities in each block can be calculated by a linear interpolation algorithm. The parameters of the velocity grid positions are independent of the model parameterization, which is advantageous in the joint inversion of the velocities and the node depths of an interface. We implement a segmentally iterative ray tracer to calculate traveltimes in the 3D heterogeneous block models. The damped least squares method is employed in seismic traveltime inversion, which includes the partial derivatives of traveltime with respect to the depths of nodes in the triangulated interfaces and velocities defined in rectangular grids. The numerical tests indicate that the node depths of a triangulated interface and homogeneous velocity distributions can be well inverted in a stratified model.     

Advances in research on earthquake fluids hydrogeology in China: a review

Monitoring of subsurface fluid (underground fluid) is an important part of efforts for earthquake prediction in China. The nationwide network, which monitors groundwater level, water temperature, and radon and mercury in groundwater, has been constructed in the last decades. Large amounts of abnormal fluid changes before and after major earthquakes have been recorded, providing precious data for research in earthquake sciences. Many studies have been done in earthquake fluid hydrogeology in order to probe the nature of the earthquake. Much progress in earthquake fluid hydrogeology has been made in the last decades. The paper provides a review of the advances in research on earthquake fluid hydrogeology over the last 40 years in China. It deals with the following five aspects: (1) an introduction to the development history of monitoring networks construction; (2) cases of different subsurface fluid changes recorded before some major earthquakes which occurred in the last decades; (3) characteristics of subsurface fluid changes following major earthquakes; (4) mechanism of subsurface fluid changes before and following earthquakes; (5) application of earthquake fluids in the hydrogeology field.     

地震地下流体观测现状

系统介绍我国地震地下流体井（泉）的分布现状、观测井含水层特征及自流热水井的观测现状,并介绍观测项目及主要观测仪器等。上述调查与分析结果,可为我国地震地下流体台网的进一步调整与优化,及今后地震地下流体学科的发展提供科学依据。     

辽河油田D块中—厚层稠油油藏隔夹层的分类及识别

充分利用研究区Ng油层、XLT油层取芯井的岩芯资料和测井等资料,识别并划分出不同类型的隔夹层。研究区主要发育泥质隔夹层、物性隔夹层和砾岩隔夹层,以泥质隔夹层和物性隔夹层为主。从定性和定量两方面采用多学科、多信息对该区的隔夹层进行精细研究,建立隔夹层识别的定性、定量识别标准,为隔夹层的精细刻画奠定基础,为提高稠油热采开发效果提供地质依据     

水库诱发地震地下水监测网建设的若干问题探讨

根据国内外已发生的水库诱发地震的基本特点,结合三峡工程诱发地震地下水监测网与金沙江下游水电工程地下水监测网建设的经验及我国地震地下水动态观测网建设与运行中得到的科学认识,探讨了水库诱发地震的地下水监测井网建设中的布网区及其范围、观测井间距确定、观测井位置选择、观测含水层选择与观测井深度和结构设计等若干技术问题.     

马鞍山-铜陵-安庆长江沿线上地壳速度结构成像

利用安徽人工震源地下结构探测科学实验开展的三维高分辨探测数据,以及初至波走时成像技术,获得了沿长江一线上地壳速度结构成像结果。结果显示,沿长江从马鞍山至安庆,上地壳速度结构存在明显横向差异,沉积盖层厚度和浅表速度在该区呈现明显的隆升和坳陷相间的构造特征,显示了该区域中生代以来经历的隆升和伴随着岩浆活动的伸展作用。