全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4958篇 |
免费 | 959篇 |
国内免费 | 1200篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 407篇 |
大气科学 | 790篇 |
地球物理 | 1128篇 |
地质学 | 2735篇 |
海洋学 | 600篇 |
天文学 | 314篇 |
综合类 | 423篇 |
自然地理 | 720篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 27篇 |
2023年 | 81篇 |
2022年 | 227篇 |
2021年 | 272篇 |
2020年 | 228篇 |
2019年 | 296篇 |
2018年 | 279篇 |
2017年 | 282篇 |
2016年 | 269篇 |
2015年 | 271篇 |
2014年 | 274篇 |
2013年 | 305篇 |
2012年 | 268篇 |
2011年 | 300篇 |
2010年 | 290篇 |
2009年 | 290篇 |
2008年 | 319篇 |
2007年 | 291篇 |
2006年 | 188篇 |
2005年 | 211篇 |
2004年 | 192篇 |
2003年 | 172篇 |
2002年 | 193篇 |
2001年 | 218篇 |
2000年 | 164篇 |
1999年 | 181篇 |
1998年 | 138篇 |
1997年 | 158篇 |
1996年 | 113篇 |
1995年 | 104篇 |
1994年 | 77篇 |
1993年 | 73篇 |
1992年 | 80篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1958年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有7117条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
192.
193.
组织蛋白酶D是溶酶体天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族的主要成员,广泛参与动物机体细胞内蛋白质的降解过程,对维持细胞稳态和正常代谢具有重要的作用。为研究组织蛋白酶D在甲壳动物非特异性免疫和幼体发育过程中的作用,本研究采用RACE技术首次克隆得到日本囊对虾组织蛋白酶D基因cDNA序列,命名为MjCatD,其中开放阅读框长为1161 bp,编码386个氨基酸残基。序列分析和同源建模显示该基因编码的蛋白含有保守的N-糖基化位点、天冬氨酸蛋白酶签名序列、酶活化位点和非消化性组织蛋白酶D的特征序列,并且呈保守的双叶形结构。同源性比较和系统进化分析发现,MjCatD与斑节对虾、美洲螯龙虾和脊尾白虾相似性较高,并且与它们紧密聚为一支。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,MjCatD基因在日本囊对虾多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高。在白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)感染后3~24 h日本囊对虾肝胰腺中MjCatD的表达量逐渐下降,而在48 h急剧上调至最高表达量并且与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。此外,MjCatD基因在幼体发育不同阶段中也表现出明显的变化趋势。以上研究表明,MjCatD基因可能参与日本囊对虾先天免疫反应和幼体发育过程。 相似文献
194.
Shuqiang Xue Jiping Liu Jinzhong Mi Chun Dong Yingyan Cheng 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(11):2155-2170
The calculation of surface area is meaningful for a variety of space-filling phenomena, e.g., the packing of plants or animals within an area of land. With Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data we can calculate the surface area by using a continuous surface model, such as by the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). However, just as the triangle-based surface area discussed in this paper, the surface area is generally biased because it is a nonlinear mapping about the DEM data which contain measurement errors. To reduce the bias in the surface area, we propose a second-order bias correction by applying nonlinear error propagation to the triangle-based surface area. This process reveals that the random errors in the DEM data result in a bias in the triangle-based surface area while the systematic errors in the DEM data can be reduced by using the height differences. The bias is theoretically given by a probability integral which can be approximated by numerical approaches including the numerical integral and the Monte Carlo method; but these approaches need a theoretical distribution assumption about the DEM measurement errors, and have a very high computational cost. In most cases, we only have variance information on the measurement errors; thus, a bias estimation based on nonlinear error propagation is proposed. Based on the second-order bias estimation proposed, the variance of the surface area can be improved immediately by removing the bias from the original variance estimation. The main results are verified by the Monte Carlo method and by the numerical integral. They show that an unbiased surface area can be obtained by removing the proposed bias estimation from the triangle-based surface area originally calculated from the DEM data. 相似文献
195.
X. Zheng Y. Zhang T. Cheng M. Zhao H. Kong Z. Jin 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(8):2091-2096
In order to prepare iron phosphate by waste sludge, we report a method for effective utilization of the sludge obtained from the electrocoagulation treatment of source-separated urine. The sludge was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and pretreated with H2O2 and Na3PO4; finally, NaOH was added to precipitate iron phosphate from the solution. Thermal treatment of the precipitate at 750 °C in air yielded crystalline quartz-like anhydrous FePO4. The precipitate was characterized by a number of thermal techniques such as thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. 相似文献
196.
Human-machine interactive visiting and fixed-route visiting are currently the main roaming modes in digital three-dimensional (3D) scenes. However, in general, when a person visits an attraction area, s/he does not follow a fixed path, but instead wander about according to his/her interests. Here, we propose a new roaming mode, called autonomic visiting. That is, in a digital 3D scene, a user selects several interest spots, then a route connecting these spots can be automatically determined and 3D scene can be seen along this route. This study presents a technical approach that enables the realization of autonomic visiting in 3D scenes. Firstly, Delaunay triangular meshes for the terrain in 3D scene are established. Secondly, a plane-growth algorithm and a line-connection algorithm are introduced to automatically mend the broken parts of these triangular meshes. Thirdly, the triangular meshes are then merged and differently weighted according to different layers. Finally, a progress-zone transmission algorithm is presented to optimal the shortest route, which is derived from A-Star (A*) algorithm. Digital 3D campus of Nanjing University, China, is taken as the experimental materials. The experimental results prove the effect of the proposed approach. 相似文献
197.
Hongguang Jiang Xuecheng Bian Chong Cheng Yunmin Chen Renpeng Chen 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(2):231-242
Ballastless high-speed railways have dynamic performances that are quite different from those of conventional ballasted railways. The essential dynamic characteristics of high-speed railways due to passing train wheels, such as the cyclic effect, moving effect, and speed effect, were put forward and discussed. A full-scale accelerated railway testing platform for ballastless high-speed railways was proposed in this study. The feasibility of the sequential loading method in simulating train moving loads, and the boundary effect of the proposed physical model of ballastless railways, was investigated using three-dimensional finite element models. A full-scale physical model, 5 m long, 15 m wide, and 6 m high, was then established according to practical engineering design methods. Using a sequential loading system composed of eight high-performance hydraulic actuators, loads of a moving train with highest speed of 360 km/h were simulated. Preliminary experimental results of vibration velocities were presented and compared with field measurements of the Wuguang high-speed railway in China. Results showed that the experimental results coincided with the field measurements, demonstrating that the full-scale accelerated railway testing platform can simulate the process of a moving train and realistically reproduce the dynamic behaviors of ballastless high-speed railways. 相似文献
198.
199.
Cheng Yinhe Zhou Shengqi Wang Dongxiao Lu Yuanzheng Huang Ke Yao Jinglong You Xiaobao 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(3):619-628
The observed characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts over the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed based on Global Position Systerm(GPS) radiosonde data collected four times daily during autumn open cruises from 2006 to 2012.Duct occurrence,thickness,and strength over the SCS were about 40%,150-m thick,and 8 M units,respectively,which were larger than during the summer monsoon period.Most ducts occurred at heights 1 500 m and these ducts easily trap electromagnetic wave clusters with wavelengths 2 m.Diurnal variation of the SCS ducts appeared evident.They occurred more often at midnight at higher altitudes(about 1 100 m),with a thickest layer of about 145 m and less frequently during the evening at lower altitudes(about 800 m),with a thinnest layer of about 125 m.Moreover,ducts during the daytime at a mean height of about 900 m,with the greatest strength of about 10 M units.Furthermore,all duct variables observed over the SCS in autumn decreased from north to south.These findings are useful not only in the design of radar and communication systems,but also for evaluating possible effects of anomalous propagation on meteorological radar and military applications. 相似文献
200.
Jian-bing Xu Bin Cheng Qian Deng Yun-gan Liang Oluwabamise Lekan Faboya Ze-wen Liao 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(6):886-900
There is a dearth of information about the distribution of trace elements in kerogen from shale rocks despite several reports on trace element composition in many shale samples. In this study, trace elements in shale rocks and their residual kerogens were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The results from this study show redox-sensitive elements relatively concentrated in the kerogens as compared to the shales. This may be primarily due to the adsorption and complexation ability of kerogen, which enables enrichment in Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn. For the rare earth elements (REEs), distinct distribution characteristics were observed for shales dominated by terrigenous minerals and their kerogen counterparts. However, shales with less input of terrigenous minerals showed similar REE distribution patterns to their residual kerogen. It is speculated that the distribution patterns of the REEs in shales and kerogens may be source-related. 相似文献