Gamma-ray bursts: optical afterglows in the deep Newtonian phase

Gamma-ray burst remnants become trans-relativistic typically in days to tens of days, and they enter the deep Newtonian phase in tens of days to months, during which the majority of shock-accelerated electrons will no longer be highly relativistic. However, a small portion of electrons are still accelerated to ultra-relativistic speeds and are capable of emitting synchrotron radiation. The distribution function for electrons is re-derived here so that synchrotron emission from these relativistic electrons can be calculated. Based on the revised model, optical afterglows from both isotropic fireballs and highly collimated jets are studied numerically, and compared to analytical results. In the beamed cases, it is found that, in addition to the steepening due to the edge effect and the lateral expansion effect, the light curves are universally characterized by a flattening during the deep Newtonian phase.     

A combined model of wind, wave, tide and storm surges

A combined numerical model of wind, wave, tide, and storm surges was built on the basis of the “wind field model in limited sea surface areas”. When used to forecast the sea surface wind, wave height and water level, it can describe them very well. Contribution No. 4108 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work supported by Stress Project (KZ952-S1-420), Chinese Academy of Sciences; 863 Project (863-818-06-05), and (863-818-Q-07)     

帕米尔东北缘地区构造变形特征与盆山结构

帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区是正确认识帕米尔北缘盆山结构和构造变形特征非常关键的地区,本文利用连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料和地震资料,并结合野外地质调查资料和钻井资料,对帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区的盆山结构和构造变形特征进行了研究。认为帕米尔东北缘及其以北地区的盆山结构表现为帕米尔造山带向北冲断和南天山向南冲断所形成的对冲结构; 帕米尔山前为基底卷入式构造,古生界—中生界沿高角度的逆冲断层推覆到新近系和第四系之上,形成山前的古生界—中生界逆冲推覆带; 北侧由受乌泊尔断裂控制的深部隐伏冲断体系和浅部的第四纪背驮盆地所构成。研究区的新生代构造变形时间开始于上新世晚期,并持续变形至今,形成了下更新统西域组（Q1x）与下伏上新统、Q2与Q1和Q3 4与Q2之间的不整合。研究区最小构造缩短量为486 km,缩短率为481％。     

Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of the giant ancient pockmarks in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

In the late Miocene, giant ancient pockmarks, which are fairly rare globally, developed in the Qiongdongnan Basin. In this paper, to determine the sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of these giant ancient pockmarks in the Yinggehai Formation of the Qiongdongnan Basin, based on high-resolution 3D seismic data and multiattribute fusion technologies, we analyzed the planar distribution and seismic facies of the ancient pockmarks and compared the characteristics of the ancient pockmar...     

A three-dimensional wave field over a bidirectionally periodic ripple bottom

For gravity wave trains propagating over an arbitrary wavy bottom, a perturbation expansion is developed to the second order so that the Bragg resonance effect of the ripple bottom on the free-surface wave can be analyzed. Both the resonant and non-resonant cases are treated and the singular behavior at resonance is avoided. This theory is successfully verified by reducing to simpler situations. Then, the analytical results for the special case of a unidirectional sinusoidal bottom are compared with experimental data for validation.     

套子湾表层沉积物地球化学特征的研究

本文对套子湾表层沉积物中的pH、Eh、硫化物、氮、磷、有机质、铜、铅、锌、镉地球化学特征进行了分析研究.并讨论了如下几个关系:①与沉积类型之间的关系;②其相关性与环境的关系。③与矿物的关系;④与水和风等作用的关系;⑤与水化学的关系;⑥重点分析了表层沉积物中化学要素与生物的相互关系。这不仅为该湾的开发治理.生物养殖等提供科学依据.并进一步证明沉积物地球化学.在环境化学和生态学研究等方面的理论意义。     

中国海洋生态效率时空格局演变及影响要素分析

随着海洋环境问题的日益凸显,海洋经济与海洋生态保护如何协调发展已成为学术界的研究热点。本文使用C2NLS方法对2003-2016年中国沿海11个省区市海洋生态效率进行测度,使用SDE方法对海洋生态效率的时空演进特征进行分析,最后对影响海洋生态效率的因素进行实证探索。结果表明：(1)海洋生态效率整体呈上升趋势,但地区差距并未显著缩小,海洋生态效率的地区分布出现极化趋势。(2)海洋生态效率重心表现出西南向移动特征,东北-西南向的空间格局更加明显。(3)环境规制、海洋科技和对外开放可以有效提高海洋生态效率水平;产业结构效应不显著,可能是由于高污染行业同时具有高产出与高排放的特征导致;区位因素效应不显著,海洋生态效率与地区发展水平之间没有明显的二次型关系,与中国海洋经济整体发展仍处于“倒U”型曲线的上升通道情况相符,部分印证了“环境的库兹涅茨”曲线理论。     

A new species of the glass sponge genus Walteria (Hexactinell-ida: Lyssacinosida: Euplectellidae) from northwestern Pacific seamounts,providing a biogenic microhabitat in the deep sea

We report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Walteria demeterae sp. nov., which was collected from the northwestern Pacific seamounts at depths of 1 271–1 703 m. Its tubular and basiphytous body, extensive lateral processes, numerous oval lateral oscula which are irregularly situated in the body wall, the presence of microscleres with oxyoidal, discoidal and onychoidal outer ends, and the absence of anchorate discohexasters,indicate it belongs to the genus Walteria of family Euplectellida...     

基于多波束前视声呐的水下静态目标的探测识别技术

基于声呐的水下目标检测是具有重要意义的研究课题.由于声呐图像质量差、对比度低、边缘模糊等,基于特征提取的识别方法在精度和速度上无法满足现有要求.鉴于此,将基于卷积神经网络的YOLOv3引入声呐图像的目标识别任务中,首先通过动态亮度分配和中值滤波对图像进行预处理建立数据集,然后对YOLOv3模型进行训练和测试,最后根据静...