Intercalibration of international and domestic 40Ar/39Ar dating standards

Four international standards, Ga1550, MMhb-1, Lp-6, Bem 4M, and one domestic standard BT-1 have been intercalibrated. The repeated measurements on MMhb-1 with different mass demonstrate that MMhb-1 is inhomogeneous in age and its average age is 519.8 Ma. The results of Bern 4M and Lp-6 reflect that they have an invariable value of ⁴⁰Ar*/³⁹Ar_k (F) and the ages we obtained are consensus with their K-Ar age: Lp-6=127.7Ma; Bern 4M=18.2 Ma. Analyses of BT-1 age spectra, Ca/K and Cl/K spectra as well as inverse isochrons indicate that the sample is homogeneous and invariable and keeps close chemically, with its trapped argon isotope composition close to the atmosphere. The dating results show that age values are reproducible and steady, total fusion age, step-heating age, plateau age and isochron age are in accord with each other within the error range (2σ). Therefore, we recommend 28.7 Ma as the calibrated age of BT-1. We also discuss the variation in neutron flux gradients of Beijing 49-2 reactor. It was found that the neutron flux gradient varies considerably, and more monitors (standard samples) are needed to fix the trend of variation. The coefficient of the 49-2 reactor that transfers the ratio of production rate of ³⁷Ar_Ca/³⁹Ar_K into Ca/K ratio is 1.78. This is different from that reported earlier, 2.0, which may be caused by the reconstruction of the reactor.     

Beach-fill equilibration and dune growth at two large-scale nourishment sites

Natural dune growth after nourishment is often observed, and such growth plays an important role in beach management for coastal communities. Nourishment sand equilibration after construction is another important topic for project planning and design. Large-scale nourishment projects at Nags Head (NC, USA) (completed in 2011) and Bridgehampton–Sagaponack (NY, USA) (completed in 2014) are under comparatively high-wave energy conditions and offer new insight regarding these topics. After nourishment, a natural beach and inshore morphology were produced with high rates of dune growth by eolian transport. At Nags Head, volumetric dune growth averaged 8 m³/m/yr over the first 5 years following project completion, while Bridgehampton–Sagaponack averaged 9 m³/m/yr over the first 3 post-project years. Results are compared with the Bagnold (1941) analytical model predictions of dune growth and are shown to correlate and decay closely with dry-sand beach width as the nourished profile equilibrates. The extra volume and elevation in the dunes have provided a higher level of storm protection and have helped the sites avoid any major damage to oceanfront properties during hurricanes or numerous severe winter storms.     

初始场估计共轭同化方法的精确化

通过例子,说明对偏微分方程模型使用共轭同化方法时,同周期性条件的重要性,提出尽可能精确地使用共轭同化方法于偏微分方程模型的办法及对有些方程不含ｅ↓ｕ／ｅ↓项时,其相应差分方程模型精确共轭同化方法。     

Wave-induced seabed instability around a buried pipeline in a poro-elastic seabed

The subject of the wave–seabed–structure interaction is important for civil engineers regarding stability analysis of foundations for offshore installations. Most previous investigations have been concerned with such a problem in the vicinity of a simple structure such as a vertical wall. For more complicated structures such as a pipeline, the phenomenon of the wave–seabed–structure has not been fully understood. This paper proposes a finite-difference model in a curvilinear coordinate system to investigate the wave-induced seabed response in a porous seabed around a pipeline. Based on the present numerical model, mechanism of the wave-induced soil response is examined. Employing Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, the wave-induced seabed instability is also estimated. The numerical results indicate the importance of the effect of pipeline on the seabed response.     

西藏班戈日阿铜多金属矿床地质特征及找矿前景

西藏班戈日阿铜多金属矿床位于班戈-腾冲多金属成矿带,是近年来新发现的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,已探明资源量达中型规模。最新研究和找矿成果显示矿带呈北西向展布,受燕山晚期白垩纪花岗岩类岩体侵入作用控制,矿体分布于岩体与下白垩统灰岩地层接触带及附近部位。在空间上,矿床主要分为三个矿段：主矿体分布在矿区中西部,目前在西矿段已圈定5个（条）铜矿体,矿体呈似层状、透镜状,其中最大的Cu13号矿体长221 m,平均厚9 m,沿倾向已控制延深100 m以上,铜品位：0.45%~2.01%,平均0.9%。主要金属矿物为黄铜矿、磁铁矿。中矿段已经圈定3条矿体,成矿元素除铜外,铅、锌、银含量也较高,为铜多金属矿体。矿体呈似层状、透镜状。其中以Cu-23号矿体最大,长达300 m,矿体最宽处达110 m。矿体平均品位Cu1.48%,Pb 1.25%,Zn 2.52%,A g 32.52×1-0 6。本文在矿区地质特征研究的基础上,通过对1：5万水系沉积物测量成果分析,对比中、西矿段成矿条件,对矿区东段进行了预测评价,指出该矿区具有较好的铜多金属找矿前景。同时建议对已圈定的1：5万水系沉积物异常开展1：1万土壤地球化学测量工作,进而圈定该区铜多金属矿带或矿（化）体,为矿区深入勘查工作提供依据。     

追忆我国著名地理学家杨怀仁教授

我国著名地理学家、我国地貌与第四纪专业的一代宗师、南京大学地理与海洋科学学院教授、我们敬爱的老师杨怀仁先生因病于2009年10月20日10时20分在南京逝世,享年93岁.据家人告知,先生在平静中离去,走得十分安详.对于我们这些深陷悲痛之中的弟子来说,这不谛是一丝安慰.     

白光连续谱与模型大气

本文依据白光耀斑连续发射谱的一般观测事实,通过对一系列模型大气的非局部热动平衡计算,从半经验角度探讨了白光连续发射与模型大气的关系。结果表明:光球深层的温度增加或者过渡区存在平台结构均可解释观测到的白光辐射增强。对如何从理论上来解释这些大气结构本文也提出了一些看法。     

Nutrient export via overland flow from a cultivated field of an Ultisol in southern China

Understanding the influence of complex interactions among hydrological factors, soil characteristics and biogeochemical functions on nutrient dynamics in overland flow is important for efficiently managing agricultural nonpoint pollution. Experiments were conducted to assess nutrient export from Ultisol soils in the Sunjia catchment, Jiangxi province, southern China, between 2003 and 2005. Four plots were divided into two groups: two peanut plots and two agroforestry (peanut intercropped with citrus) plots. During the study period, we collected water samples for chemical analyses after each rainfall event that generated overland flow to assess nutrient export dynamics. The concentrations of potassium (K) and nitrate‐N (NO₃^––N) in overland flow were higher during the wetting season (winter and early spring). This reflects the solubility of K and NO₃^––N, the accumulation of NO₃^––N during the dry season and an increase in desorption processes and mixing with pre‐event water caused by prolonged contact with soil in areas with long‐duration, low‐intensity rainfall. In contrast, concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were higher during the wet season (late March to early July) and during the dry season (mid‐July to the end of September or early October). This was due to the interaction between specific hydrological regimes, the properties of the Ultisol and particulate transport processes. Variations in nutrient concentrations during storm events further identified that event water was the dominant source of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and pre‐event water was the dominant source of NO₃^––N. In addition, the results obtained for the different land uses suggest that agroforestry practices reduce nutrient loss via overland flow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

相控阵天气雷达波束特性

为了缩短雷达的探测周期, 相控阵天气雷达必须采用宽波束发射, 多波束接收。该文在天线口径为均匀分布和非均匀分布情况下讨论了相位扫描天线的方向图, 对波束特性进行分析, 提出采用非均匀划分子空间方法可对相位扫描天线带来的波束展宽效应和增益减小进行补偿, 并模拟设计了一个相控阵天气雷达天线方案, 给出宽波束和多个窄波束方向图及波束参数。结果表明:海明加权方法可使副瓣电平降低到-25 dB, 能基本满足天气探测需求; 采用非均匀划分子空间能够对波束宽度和天线增益进行补偿; 文中所设计的天线方案不仅能够缩短雷达的探测周期, 还能充分利用雷达的照射能量。     

数字城市地理空间框架建设项目三维城市模型建设技术研究

通过研究数字城市构建的目的、意义,确定三维城市建设先进性、规范性、开发性的建设原则,从三维城市模型建设的关键问题入手,针对城市大范围模型构建的特点,选择自动建模和精细建模两种方式,并讨论两种建模方法的优缺点,以及纹理大小、模型构建精细程度、不同地物的建模要求等问题。