AN ATMOSPHERIC MOTION EQUATION BUILT ON THE CONSERVATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE SOLID EARTH AND THE ATMOSPHERE ON SEASONAL-ANNUAL TIMESCALE*

Within the seasonal-annual timeseale,there exists an angular momentum conservative exchange relationship between the solid earth and the atmosphere,and their angular momentum exchange not only can cause variations in length-of-day(LOD) but also can express anomalies in atmospheric general circulation.Therefore,their angular momentum exchange mechanism should be introduced into the general circulation model.Considering the angular momentum anomalous exchange caused by the air-earth interface friction effect,a whole-layer atmospheric motion equation is derived in this paper including the earth spin anomalous friction force parameterized by using the change in the earth rotation rate.Through analysing the equation,it shows that the magnitude of the earth spin anomalous friction force is the same as that of Coriolis force on seasonal-annual timescale.     

副热带高压研究进展及展望

介绍了国家自然科学基金委员会九五重点项目"副热带高压形成和变异的机理"的研究成果.该项目的研究纠正了对副热带高压成因的若干传统认识,揭示了副热带高压脊线年际变化的新事实,发展了脊线这一东西风交界面的动力模型,建立了"全型涡度方程"、"热力适应"理论及"两级热力适应"模式,并通过模拟和资料诊断研究了各副热带高压单体的形成机制及其季节和年际变化,在西太平洋副热带高压变化的规律和机制的研究中得到了新的认识.     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.Theresults show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system isessentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipativesystem,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that thejoint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must beconsidered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.     

气候系统可预报性理论研究

介绍了作者近年来关于气候系统可预报性理论研究的一些工作,包括:非线性最快增长扰动理论以及在气候预测的可预报性研究中的应用;从一个新的角度研究了2类可预报性问题,并提出可预报性的3类子问题;根据计算不确定性原理,讨论了模式可预报性与机器精度的关系;探讨了可预报性与时空尺度的关系,建立了可预报性的相对观.     

预报模式识别的扰动方法

本文从数值天气预报模式并不完全准确描述实际大气过程的观点出发,提出利用观测的近期演变资料确定模式中的未知部份(模式识别),以改善预报结果.叙述了一种模式识别的扰动方法,用正压涡度方程模式作了模拟实验,证明方法是有效的.     

构建中国应对气候变化的低碳经济发展模式

 低碳经济是一种新型的发展模式,是一个涉及经济、政治、社会、科技、环境乃至国际合作诸多领域的系统性问题。发展低碳经济是我国应对气候变化与环境危机的根本出路,解决好经济发展和环境保护的矛盾是构建我国低碳经济发展模式的根本原则。构建我国低碳经济发展模式关键在于制度保障,当前应特别强调和发挥经济政策在发展低碳经济中的引导作用。     

巷道围岩稳定性的判据及岩石分类

本文通过套筒致裂法测试巷道围岩应力及力学性质,并以此进行围岩稳定性分析和分类;提出了巷道围岩稳定性判据以及巷道围岩分类的原则;介绍了本稳定性分析方法在若干煤矿巷道围岩及立井井壁应力测试地点的应用。     

Maritime safety for fishing boat operations and avoidable hijacking in Taiwan

Taiwanese fishing boats have been hijacked many times this year. Trouble at sea can usually be attributed to communication problems, inappropriate management and an unfair salary system. The majority of boats hijacked are high sea (long-line) fishing boats. Although fishery authorities ask the fishing boats to set up vessel monitoring systems (VMSs), this precaution has not been sufficient. There is a further need for improved management by the fishing boat owner and for an improved employment policy for seamen. The issue of maritime security is not new, but it remains a major concern and continues to be a threat to Taiwan and other countries. To date, there have been many cases of hijacking in the South China Sea. This paper analyzes the reasons for the hijackings and provides potential strategies to prevent future incidents.     

地质灾害遥感综合监测现状与展望

中国是世界上地质灾害最频繁、受灾最严重的国家之一.因此,利用更先进、更经济有效的手段对地质灾害进行监测和防治,成为我国的当务之急.通过总结目前中国以及世界上关于微波遥感、光学遥感和LiDAR等多源遥感数据在地质灾害领域的应用现状,包括地震、滑坡、地面沉降、地面塌陷、火山活动、冻土变化、冰川活动、土壤侵蚀、海岸侵蚀等地质灾害,对遥感在地质灾害方面的应用提出新的建议.     

Feasibility and acceptability study of rainwater use to the acute water shortage areas in Dhaka City,Bangladesh

This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of harvested rainwater in rural communities of Bangladesh as well as densely populated City like Dhaka, using simple and low-cost technology. As a part of this study, a field survey was conducted in the water-scarce Dhaka City. Four slums were selected for conducting questionnaire survey. A questionnaire was furnished to know some information such as the socio-economic condition for those slum dwellers and family information, housing condition, sanitation condition, health condition, economic condition, existing water supply condition, knowledge about rainwater, willingness to accept rainwater, etc. Two hundred people from different representative groups were selected randomly. Yield after spillage and yield before spillage models were developed to know the actual rainwater availability and storage conditions, which were used to justify the effective tank size. Cost-benefit analysis and feasibility analysis were performed using the survey results and the research findings. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check the important parameters toward the implementation of the system as well. The results showed that cost was the most sensitive parameter (48.1%), the second highest sensitive parameter was roof area (25.9%) and the lowest sensitive parameter was demand (2.2%). The study showed that the low-cost rainwater harvesting technique was feasible and acceptable to the slum dwellers as the only potential alternative source of safe drinking water.