青海省德尔尼蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

德尔尼蛇绿岩位于青海省东南部玛沁地区,蛇绿岩以构造岩片形式出露于阿尼玛卿造山带具缝合带性质的东昆仑南缘断裂附近,岩上对简单完整,主要由基性、辉长岩和蛇纹岩３个单元组成,彼此成构造接触关系。来自３条剖面的基性熔岩样品主元素、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征显示样品低钾拉斑玄武岩系列,在多种环境判别图解中一致投入Ｎ－ＭＯＲＢ区域,稀土总量你具有轻稀土亏损型的球粒陨石标准化模式,表明该蛇绿岩形成一汞脊环境,属     

喀喇沁玻基橄辉岩中的磷酸盐质熔体及磷灰石

磷酸盐在本文讨论的坡基橄辉岩中以多种形式产生,有早期结晶的磷灰石斑晶;有熔离的磷酸盐质熔浆液滴;也有晚期穿入橄榄石斑晶的磷酸盐质细脉,表明元素磷活跃在岩浆演化的每一个阶段。磷酸盐质熔浆液滴的存在,说明磷酸盐质熔体可能是由于岩浆的熔离作用而形成的。沿着橄榄石晶格生长石出现的磷酸盐质玻璃细脉则进一步证实地幔中含磷流体不但存在,而且具有很强的活动性。     

中朝地台南部下、中寒武统层序地层特征

中朝地台南部下、中寒武统 (风台组—张夏组 )可划分 9个三级层序。除底部的 DS-A层序外 ,其余 8个层序均可与中朝地台大部分地区进行对比。下部的 3个层序 (DS- A～ DS-2 )属 型层序 ,其余为 型层序。研究表明 ,本区的沉积层序除受早古生代全球海平面变化控制之外 ,秦岭板块的俯冲对中朝地台南部层序地层的发育也具有一定的影响     

东山ZK51孔第四纪地层划分与闽南沿海部分地区地层划分对比

福建沿海全新世地层 ,主要分布在沿海地区 级阶地上。裸露地表一般为晚全新世沉积、洪积、冲积、冲洪积层 ;中、早全新世地层多被晚全新世地层覆盖 ,很少裸露地表。根据东山 ZK51孔揭穿的全新世地层中鉴定的微体古生物、孢子花粉、14 C同位素年龄测试结果 ,结合宏观资料进行分析对比 ,将全新世地层划为晚、中、早全新世。晚、中全新世地层的分界经 14 C同位素年龄测试 ,距今 2 56 0± 90 a;中、早全新世地层分界经 14 C同位素年龄测试 ,距今 896 0± 2 4 0 a。这些测试结果 ,与目前国内外对全新世地层划分十分接近。进将中、早全新世地层均划分为 a、b两段。中全新世地层以小泡虫、泡抱球虫组合和喜暖的底有孔虫组合为特征 ,而且经 14 C同位素年龄测试 ,距今 4 310± 110 a,前者为 Q2 ah 、后者为 Q2 bh ;早全新世以冷水面颊虫组合和小泡虫组合为特征 ,将前者划为 Q1ah ,后者划为 Q1bh 。可与欧洲前北方期、北方期和大西洋期、亚北方期进行对比。     

喀喇昆仑地区沉积岩特征及岩相变化

喀喇昆仑地区从二叠纪开始,广泛沉积不同类型的碎屑岩、泥质岩、硅岩、碳酸盐岩和混积岩。沉积层序发育完整,白垩纪之前基本上属于稳定的连续造海建造系列。经初步研究,除西部二叠系出现半深水陆架边缘-岛弧盆地相、陆架区冷水型冈瓦纳相沉积和东部下三叠统有具复理石或重力流性质的外陆架半深水碎屑岩-硅泥质岩建造沉积外,大部分都是以细屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造为主的地台型浅海陆棚相和浅海平原相沉积,直到保罗纪末才形成早白垩世,以红色粗碎屑岩为主的陆相磨拉石建造,从而结束了长达1.5亿年连续沉积历史。     

贵州梵净山白云母花岗岩锆石年代、铪同位素及对华南地壳生长的制约

贵州梵净山地区位于＂江南造山带＂西南段,出露地层为中新元古界梵净山群、青白口系板溪群、南华系及古生界地层。梵净山群已强烈褶皱,被青白口系板溪群角度不整合覆盖。浅色白云母花岗岩侵位于褶皱的梵净山群中;锆石原位LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,其形成时代为（838.5±1.5）Ma。地球化学分析结果表明,其A/CNK值〉1....     

地球化学块体理论在青海沱沱河地区铅锌资源潜力预测中的应用

以地球化学块体理论为基础的方法和技术确定了沱沱河铅锌地球化学块体的下限和含量级次,对沱沱河地区铅锌元素的地球化学块体进行了划分,总结了地球化学块体在空间上的分布规律,通过研究地球化学块体内部结构,追踪大型至特大型矿床可能存在的地点。根据已知地区的矿产探明储量与地球化学块体的关系,计算了该地区成矿率,预测了区内铅锌矿资源潜力,同时指出在块体内还存在巨大的寻找铅锌矿产资源的潜力。     

Geomorphological and sedimentological comparison of fluvial terraces and karst caves in Zhangjiajie,northwest Hunan,China: an archive of sandstone landform development

The Zhangjiajie Sandstone Peak Forest Geopark (Zhangjiajie World Geopark) of northwest Hunan, China hosts a well-preserved sequence of fluvial terraces and karst caves. In this contribution, a comparative study of fluvial terraces with karst caves along the middle-lower Suoxi River in Zhangjiajie World Geopark is presented to improve the understanding of the development of striking sandstone landscape in the upper Suoxi River. By integrating geomorphological, sedimentological, and geochronological techniques, the possible correlation between fluvial terraces and karst caves, as well as their climatic and tectonic implications is investigated. The available electron spin resonance and thermo-luminescence numerical ages coupled with morphostratigraphic analysis indicate that aggradation of fluvial terrace levels occurred at ca. 347 ± 34 ka (T₄), 104.45 ± 8.88 to 117.62 ± 9.99 ka (T₃), 60.95 ± 5.18 ka (T₂), and Holocene (T₁), followed by the stream incision. Fluvial terrace levels (T₄ to T₁) correlate morphologically with the karst cave levels (L₁ to L₄), yet the proposed chronology for the fluvial terrace levels is a bit later than the chronological data obtained from karst caves. In northwest Hunan, where a unique sandstone peak forest landscape was extensively developed, the fluvial terrace sequences as well as the cave systems are the important archives for studying the evolution of the sandstone landscape. The beginning of the sandstone landscape development must be earlier than the aggradation of the fluvial terrace T₄, allowing this unique landscape to occur in the Middle Pleistocene.     

Mechanism of cultivation soil degradation in rocky desertification areas under dry/wet cycles

Karst rocky desertification is a process of land degradation involving serious soil erosion, extensive exposure of basement rocks. It leads to drastic decrease in soil productivity and formation of a desert-like landscape. In this regard, changes in climatic conditions are the main origin of the soils degradation. Indeed, soils subjected to successive dry/wet cycling processes caused by climate change develop swelling and shrinkage deformations which can modify their water retention properties, thus inducing the degradation of soil–water capacity. The ecological characteristics of cultivation soils in karst areas, Southwest of China, are extremely easy to be affected by external environmental factors due to its shallow bedding and low vegetation coverage. Based on the analysis of the climate (precipitation) of this region during the past decades, an experimental study has been conducted on a cultivated soil obtained from the typical karst area in southwestern China. Firstly, the soil–water properties have been investigated. The measured soil–water retention curve shows that the air-entry value of the soil is between 50 and 60 kPa, while the residual saturation is about 12%. Based on the experimental results, three identifiable stages of de-saturation have been defined. Secondly, a special apparatus was developed to investigate the volume change behavior of the soil with controlled suction cycles. The vapor equilibrium technique was used for the suction control. The obtained results show that under the effect of dry/wet cycles, (1) the void ratio of the cultivated soil is continuously decreasing, leading to a gradual soil compaction. (2) The permeability decreases, giving rise to a deterioration of water transfer ability as well as a deterioration of soil–water retention capacity. It is then obvious that the long-term dry/wet cycling process caused by the climate change induce a continuously compaction and degradation of the cultivated soil in karst rocky desertification areas.     

西北地区水资源再生利用研究

水资源是西北地区社会经济发展和生态环境建设的重要制约因素,水资源的高效利用是推进西北地区发展过程中必须解决的问题。文章根据西北地区水资源短缺的现状,分析该地区水资源的特点及其利用中存在的主要问题,并以西安为研究案例,提出西北地区水资源再生利用的途径。