城市地球物理学发展展望

城市地下噪声场由自然地噪声和人文地噪声组成,人文地噪声和自然地噪声的差异主要表现在时空分布的一致性、稳定性和相关性等方面。针对两者的不同特征,提出了噪声分离的三原则,采用多元分离的方法,实现了两类地噪声的有效分离。通过对比测试4种标准信号并进行分析,可得出该方法效果好于传统的小波方法的结论。深圳市地噪声场的探测试验表明,多元分离方法能够把地噪声有效分离成人文地噪声和自然地噪声两部分,它们可以分别提炼出地下地质信息。     

级配砂石地基条件下核安全级廊道结构地震响应分析

级配砂石处理核安全级廊道结构的软弱地基有良好的发展前景,发展级配砂石地基条件下的廊道地震响应分析模型是评价其抗震安全性的关键问题。以某核电厂废液输送机排放廊道为研究对象,通过引入等价线性法描述近场级配砂石地基的非线性特征,在分析模型底部施加黏性边界模拟半无限空间,在截断边界的两侧施加黏性边界考虑波动的逸散效果,通过无厚度Goodman单元模拟廊道结构与周围地基的摩擦效应,并利用基于有限元法的自由场响应分析实现地震动输入,从而建立了级配砂石地基条件核安全级廊道结构地震响应分析计算模型。最后,通过开展级配砂石与回填素混凝土两种地基处理条件的廊道地震响应对比分析,该模型表现出良好的规律性及工程应用效果。研究成果可为在建项目、后续核电项目此类问题的地基处理提供借鉴与参考。     

多维AR序列的最小二乘建模方法

以测量数据处理中广泛应用的最小二乘原理为基础,详细阐述了多维AR序列参数估计的最小二乘算法、阶数确定的F检验法,并对清江隔河岩大坝1998年5月、6月间洪水前夕平差后的GPS观测数据进行了建模和预报,验证了多维时间序列分析应用于变形观测数据处理的可行性。     

地形作用下的珠江河口能量平衡

The Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Estuary(ZRE) is a very complicated and large-scale estuarine system in China. It consists of two parts: the river networks and the estuarine bays. Not only is the network system one of the most complicated in the world, but also each estuarine bay has a very special morphodynamic feature due to the geological settings. Morphological boundary conditions have direct effects on the energy dissipation and balance. On the basis of a three-dimensional(3-D) barotropic model whose domain includes the river networks and the estuarine bays, the energy budget is discussed under the influence of topography in the ZRE. The elevation and discharge of this model are validated by the observations collected in July 1999 and February 2001. The results show that(1) the source of energy in the ZRE is mainly generated by tides and river runoffs, which have an obvious seasonal change, and(2) there are some typical hotspots where the energy dissipation is 1–2 orders higher than those in the immediate upstream and downstream sections in the ZRE. These hotspots are linked with the small-scale dynamic structures(SSDS) and morphological units. On the basis of the characteristics of the morphology and the energy dissipation, the hotspots can be categorized into three types: the outlet of the ZRE, the meandering river, the branch and junction.     

四十年来磨刀门河口水动力对地形的响应

磨刀门是珠江的主要泄洪通道之一,径流分配居珠江三角洲八大口门之首。从20世纪60年代开始,磨刀门经过大规模的人工整治,河床形态变化很大。利用磨刀门1964年、1977年、2003年的地形,通过ECOMSED模型模拟了磨刀门海域洪季水动力场,对潮流、水面坡降、潮能通量等特性进行对比,发现整治后磨刀门水动力强度加大,而且流速滩槽分异明显;落潮期间上游水位均大于下游水位,水面坡降落潮比涨潮大一个数量级;水深与流速是决定潮能大小的主要因素,同一位置随着泥沙淤积河床变浅,潮能通量也减小。     

高分辨率卫星地面处理系统研制

高分卫星地面处理系统是高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项的重要组成部分,实现高分一号到高分七号卫星各载荷数据录入、各级标准产品生产、存档、仿真、评价、分发服务、定标检校以及有效载荷管理等。地面处理系统采用了基于HADOOP平台的计算与存储统一的云计算地面处理架构,通过HDFS分布式文件系统将节点内部存储聚合为海量数据存储系统,通过YARN资源管理系统实现海量数据的统一调度和大规模并行处理,结合多光谱、高光谱、红外、微波、激光雷达和大气探测等多种卫星遥感数据高精度处理算法,构建多星通用大数据综合处理平台,大幅提升数据综合处理、数据存储与管理、分发服务等能力,为各类用户提供高精度、高质量的标准数据产品。     

Contrasts between estuarine and river systems in near-bed turbulent flows in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary, China

A bottom-mounted instrumental tripod was deployed in the tidally energetic Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary to examine the contrasting properties of the bottom boundary layer (BBL) flows between estuarine and tide-affected river systems. Three aspects of the BBL flows were investigated to understand the mechanism of the turbulence responses to the large-scale ambient forcing: the flow structures (profile, anisotropy, and spectra), shearing strains and stresses, and the balance of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Single log-law profiles and turbulence anisotropy predominated in the two systems, but the non-log regime and stronger anisotropy occurred more frequently at the slack tide in the estuary. The ADV-based turbulence intensities and shearing strains both exceeded their low-frequency counterparts (frictional velocities and mean shears) derived from the logarithmic law. On the contrary, the ADV-based Reynolds stresses were smaller than the log profile-derived bottom stresses, so the hypothesis of a constant stress layer cannot be well satisfied, especially in the river. The bandwidth of the inertial subrange in the river was of one decade larger than in the estuary. The balance between shear production and viscous dissipation was better achieved in the straight river. This first-order balance was significantly broken in the estuary and in the meandering river, by non-shear production/dissipation due to wave-induced fluctuations or salinity/sediment stratification. All these disparities between two systems in turbulence properties are essentially controlled by the anisotropy induced by the large-scale processes such as secondary currents, density stratification. In conclusion, the acceleration of unsteady flows determines the profile structure of the BBL flow, and turbulence anisotropy results in the invalidation of the phenomenological relations such as the constant stress hypothesis and the first-order TKE balance.     

贵州上二叠统炼焦煤分布成因解析

贵州上二叠统炼焦煤在平面上呈χ型环带状分布特征,通过对该地区深成热变质作用、莫霍面抬高热力异常及岩浆岩分布特征的分析,认为上覆地层及地温梯度影响的深成变质作用是贵州上二叠统炼焦煤呈χ型环带状分布的主控因素,莫霍面抬高形成的地热异常是对这个主控因素的加强,峨眉山玄武岩的楔形分布及研究区大地热流值从西向东的逐渐递减的分布形态是炼焦煤呈χ型环带状分布的不利因素,而燕山期小型侵入体在黔东部的较强活动则刚好是这个不利影响因素的弥补。总之,几种热叠加变质的综合作用,可较好地解释贵州上二叠统炼焦煤呈χ型环带状分布的独特现象。     

反演奇异模型的参数估计的通用公式

将大地测量反演问题中的线性模型，综合为一般模型，称为反演奇异模型。运用最小二乘统一理论给出了反演奇异模型的参数和单位权方差通用估计公式，给出了这种模型的验前验后方差一致性检验方法。讨论了反演参数估计的有关问题。     

多类观测量联合平差中方差分量估计的序贯算法

在赫尔默特公式的基础上．推导了多类观测数据联合平差中方差分量估计的序贯算法,它区别于以前文献中使各类观测量所对应的验后单位权方差整体趋于一致的做法,而采用逐类（次）平差法,在每次平差后进行方差分量估计,依次使各类观测量的验后单位权方差趋于相等。该算法未作任何近似,依然保留原赫尔默特方差分量估计公式所具有的优良统计特性;它克服了原来严密公式计算中占用内存大、计算繁琐的缺点,不需要额外保留逐类（次）平差的历史数据,非常适合计算机程序实现。