Capability of Pentavalent Arsenic Bioaccumulation and Biovolatilization of Three Fungal Strains under Laboratory Conditions

In order to control and remediate arsenic (As) contaminated soil, sediment or water, fungi are used to investigate their potential accumulation and volatilization of As. In this study, after cultivation for 2 days, the dry weights of mycelia for Trichoderma asperellum, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium janthinellum all show an increased trend when the As(V) concentration ranges from 0–50, 0–50, 0–80 mg/L, respectively. When the culture system is loaded with 2500 μg As(V), which represents 50 mg/L As, and cultivated for 5 days, P. janthinellum presents the highest efficiency of 87.0 μg/g for As bioaccumulation, and the order of the efficiency for As bioaccumulation is P. janthinellum > T. asperellum > F. oxysporum. However, the order of the amount of volatilized As is F. oxysporum > P. janthinellum > T. asperellum, and the highest amount of volatilized As is observed for F. oxysporum at 181.0 μg. Thus, the ability of As bioaccumulation and biovolatilization for T. asperellum and P. janthinellum is reported for the first time in this study.     

波浪荷载作用下海底隧道-孔隙海床的动力分析

孔隙海床在波浪荷载作用下其有效应力减小、孔隙水压力增加,这将影响孔隙海床中隧道的稳定性,因此,研究在波浪荷载作用下孔隙海床与隧道的动力响应具有重要的工程意义。本文基于Biot的动力固结理论和弹性动力学理论建立波浪荷载作用下孔隙海床与海底隧道的动力分析模型,并同时考虑海底隧道与海床之间的接触效应、边界效应等对海底隧道内力的影响。最后通过变换海床的变形模量、渗透系数和海底隧道的半径、埋深等,观察其对海床土孔隙水压力和海底隧道内力的影响,为海底隧道的设计提供依据。     

帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

分布于帕米尔东北缘羌塘地块上的穷阿木太克岩体,与班公湖怒江洋的闭合有着密切关系。岩体主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,穷阿木太克岩体的形成年龄为(107.0±1.2) Ma(MSWD=0.55),属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学结果显示,主量元素具有富Ca、富K、富碱等特点,岩石Al含量较高,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的钙碱性特征。稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型特征,并显示弱的负铕异常。微量元素表现出大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf强烈亏损。岩石在成因上可能是地壳下部基性岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的。结合本区所处的构造环境,早白垩世晚期穷阿木太克岩体可能形成于羌塘地块与冈底斯地块之间同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)的转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类,岩石系列从早到晚由中钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列演化。     

河流活性物质入海通量:初步成果

河流是陆地与海洋相互作用的重要纽带,查明陆地河流活性物质入海通量是当前生态地球化学评价的一项重要任务。文中选择了中国东部入海河流中主要的35条河流,分丰、枯水期系统采集了悬浮物、过滤水、底泥等样品,利用河流径流量参数,计算得到了各河流主要重金属及营养元素的年入海通量及陆地河流年入海总通量,确定了各元素水溶态及悬浮物态迁移入海量的比例,为陆海相互作用研究、浅海生态地球化学评价提供了重要依据。     

中国十大城市群生态发展状况比较研究

通过建立生态发展评价指标体系,对中国十大城市群生态发展状况进行多层次的比较研究。认为在微观层面,中心城市对城市群生态发展影响巨大,城市群内城市之间生态发展水平差距很大;在中观层面,中国十大城市群的生态发展路径相似,但是没有形成良好的区域联动,造成区域发展非均衡性;在宏观层面,中国十大城市群生态发展水平直接关系我国生态经济可持续发展程度,国家对大城市群的定位不同,不同的战略定位影响其生态发展水平。结果显示:中国十大城市群生态发展状况与世界先进水平相比还存在巨大差异;无论城市群内部还是城市群之间均存在明显的非均衡性。尽快缩小各城市群之间的发展差距,努力提高欠发达地区城市群生态发展能力是解决区域发展不平衡的关键所在。在此基础上,从中国十大城市群生态发展状况的综合层面和影响城市群生态发展状况的各个因素层面分别提出了缩减生态发展状况非均衡差异的政策建议。     

基于全球通道与本地蜂鸣的张江IC产业集群演化

产业集群演化是全球通道和本地蜂鸣共同作用的结果.在产业集群不同发展阶段,其全球通道和本地蜂鸣的作用方式和效果并不相同.通过调研访谈张江高科技园区集成电路企业及相关机构,分析了产业集群的不同阶段特征和发展轨迹,发现产业集群主要驱动因素由全球通道向本地蜂鸣转变、产业集群由外生向内生演变的发展轨迹.在产业集群孕育期,跨国公司入驻具有决定性作用.在产业集群形成期,跨国公司全球生产网络和跨国技术社区是与外界联系的两种全球通道,也是产业集群发展的关键所在.在产业集群成熟期,全球通道的作用相对下降,本地蜂鸣、创新环境和区域品牌等内生因素作用凸显.为了防止产业集群锁定和衰退,当地政府管理部门需要同时注重本地蜂鸣和全球通道建设.     

Finding shortest paths on real road networks: the case for A*

The problem of identifying the shortest path along a road network is a fundamental problem in network analysis, ranging from route guidance in a navigation system to solving spatial allocation problems. Since this type of problem is solved so frequently, it is important to craft an approach that is as efficient as possible. Based upon past research, it is generally accepted that several efficient implementations of the Dijkstra algorithm are the fastest at optimally solving the ‘one‐to‐one’ shortest path problem (Cherkassky et al. 1996 Cherkassky, B. V., Goldberg, A. V. and Radzik, T. 1996. Shortest paths algorithms: theory and experimental evaluation.. Mathematical Programming: Series A and B, 73: 129–174. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We show that the most efficient state‐of‐the‐art implementations of Dijkstra can be improved by taking advantage of network properties associated with GIS‐sourced data. The results of this paper, derived from tests of different algorithmic approaches on real road networks, will be extremely valuable for application developers and researchers in the GIS community.     

Uncertainty assessment and optimization of hydrological model with the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm: an application to artificial neural network rainfall-runoff model

Assessment of parameter and predictive uncertainty of hydrologic models is an essential part in the field of hydrology. However, during the past decades, research related to hydrologic model uncertainty is mostly done with conceptual models. As is accepted that uncertainty in model predictions arises from measurement errors associated with the system input and output, from model structural errors and from problems with parameter estimation. Unfortunately, non-conceptual models, such as black-box models, also suffer from these problems. In this paper, we take the artificial neural network (ANN) rainfall-runoff model as an example, and the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm (SCEM-UA) is employed to analysis the parameter and predictive uncertainty of this model. Furthermore, based on the results of uncertainty assessment, we finally arrive at a simpler incomplete-connection artificial neural network (ICANN) model as well as with better performance compared to original ANN rainfall-runoff model. These results not only indicate that SCEM-UA can be a useful tool for uncertainty analysis of ANN model, but also prove that uncertainty does exist in ANN rainfall-runoff model. Additionally, in some way, it presents that the ICANN model is with smaller uncertainty than the original ANN model.     

云南省大关县滑坡灾害特征分析

介绍该县堆积面滑坡和层面滑坡两种典型滑坡的发育特征,分析其形成条件和机理.在此基础上,利用分形分维理论,分析研究区水系特征对滑坡分布和发育特征的影响.