Horizontal frost heave thrust acting on buttress constructions

Frost heave thrust of soil varies with its water content. When the water content of the soil is less than its plastic limit, the horizontal frost heave thrust of soil does not appear. When the water content of the soil is greater than its plastic limit the frost heave thrust increases with increasing water content and when the water content is a little over its liquid limit, it reaches a maximum value.

Also, the horizontal frost heave thrust of soil varies with temperature. It increases as the negative temperature falls, until it reaches a maximum value at about −7°C.

It should be noted that the distribution of the horizontal frost heave thrust along the lateral surface of the structure is not always uniform: its value is greatest at the middle, less at the bottom, and least at the top. The maximum value generally appears at the place where the depth is about 60–80% of the depth of frost penetration.

According to laboratory data and engineering practice, the values of horizontal frost heave thrust vary greatly, but its maximum value is generally about 4.1–4.2 kg/cm².     

紫外线辐射增加对棉花生长的影响

在田间试验中观测到经过量紫外线（ＵＶ）辐射处理过的棉花,其株形、生理活动及产量都受到不同程度的影响,其影响程度随ＵＶ辐射强度的强弱而异。本文通过对棉花受不同程度ＵＶ辐射处理的研究,得出其在各项指标上的受影响程度,结果对了解气候变化对农作物生产的影响具有一定的意义。     

近3a岳阳暴雨时空分布规律及形势特征分析

利用岳阳市2015～2017年232个区域气象站、6个国家气象站降水资料和EC细网格风场资料,采用统计分析等方法总结了近三年暴雨日变化特征和空间分布特征,分析了暴雨产生的中低层影响系统的天气形势,结果表明：岳阳市暴雨过程日变化规律有集中型暴雨、持续型暴雨和波动型暴雨3个类型,集中型暴雨主要出现在华容站、平江站白天和汨罗站晚上;持续型暴雨主要出现在岳阳站全天和临湘站晚上;波动型暴雨出现在临湘、湘阴、汨罗站白天和华容、湘阴、平江站晚上。岳阳市暴雨过程的空间分布频次为东部高于西部,药姑山区暴雨次数最多,强度最大,是岳阳市暴雨中心,连云山区为次暴雨频次中心和局地暴雨强度中心,幕阜山区仅有局地暴雨频次中心,地形是岳阳市暴雨出现频率高和暴雨强度大的重要因素;全市性大范围暴雨受天气系统影响更明显,地形影响也是全市性大范围暴雨的重要影响因素,最强暴雨区范围在药姑山区及其新墙河流域。区域性暴雨在连云山区有暴雨重叠区域,连云山区也是区域性暴雨中心。影响岳阳市暴雨的中低层天气系统以急流和冷切变居多,低涡次之、暖切变(横切变)和低槽较少,大多数暴雨过程有多个天气系统配合出现。