1991年10月24日白光耀斑的高时间分辨率多波段光谱分析

本文分析了南京大学太阳塔1991年10月24日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率（5s）的一个2N／X2．1级白光耀斑光谱．对耀斑谱线轮廓、连续发射强度、X射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比，分析表明，该耀斑属Ⅰ类白光耀斑，具有如下特征：（1）在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间，各波段光谱线心强度、连续辐射、谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬X射线高能波段的爆发同时达到极大；（2）H_a谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达10A，且呈现强烈的线心反转，H_β和H_γ线心亦有反转；（3）所拍摄的5条谱线都有明显的红不对称性，持续时间约为1分钟，根据上述结果，本文用电子束轰击、色球蒸发和色球压缩区对该耀斑能量积聚和释放的动力学机制作了定性的分析和解释。     

Biodegradation and transport of benzene,toluene, and xylenes in a simulated aquifer: comparison of modelled and experimental results

Both laboratory experiments and numerical modelling were conducted to study the biodegradation and transport of benzene–toluene–xylenes (BTX) in a simulated semi‐confined aquifer. The factors incorporated into the numerical model include advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, adsorption, and biodegradation. The various physico‐chemical parameters required by the numerical model were measured experimentally. In the experimental portion of the study, BTX compounds were introduced into the aquifer sand. After the contaminants had been transported through the system, BTX concentrations were measured at 12 equally spaced wells. Subsequently, microorganisms obtained from the activated sludge of a sewage treatment plant and cultured in BTX mixtures were introduced into the aquifer through the 12 sampling wells. The distribution data for BTX adsorption by the aquifer sand form a nonlinear isotherm. The degree of adsorption by the sand varies, depending on the composition of the solute. The degradation time, measured from the time since the bacteria were added to the aquifer until a specific contaminant was no longer detectable, was 35–42 h for BTX. The dissolved oxygen, after degradation by BTX compounds and bacteria, was consumed by about 40–60% in the entire simulated aquifer; thus the aerobic conditions were maintained. This study provides insights for the biodegradation and transport of BTX in aquifers by numerical modelling and laboratory experiments. Experimental and numerical comparisons indicate that the results by Monod degradation kinetics are more accurate than those by the first‐order degradation kinetics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震余震序列自动处理结果探讨

使用2022年1月8日青海门源M_S6.9地震前3天及后7天甘肃地震台网固定台站和邻省共享台站记录到的连续波形数据,利用RISP系统自动检测余震序列,并将检测结果与人工编目结果进行对比分析.结果表明:自动编目与人工编目定位结果基本一致,震中位置差(3.9±1.51)km,震级差值M_L(0.17±0.22);自动编目结果的发震时刻普遍略早于人工目录,但两种目录中大部分余震发生时刻的差值在2s内.自动编目产出速度快,且能检测人工无法识别的微小余震,提高了目录完备性.综合来看,自动编目系统产出结果符合预期目标,可为震群趋势判断、破裂过程快速反演等相关科学研究提供数据支撑.     

福建平和钟腾铜矿床成岩成矿时代研究

钟腾铜矿床为位于华夏板块东南缘上杭—云霄构造-岩浆成矿带上的岩浆热液型矿床。岩石地球化学分析表明矿区3种主要花岗质岩石均属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有高钾、富碱、贫硅、低钛的特征,部分岩石有过铝质的特点,轻稀土元素富集,具有弱负铕异常。微量元素以富集大离子K、Rb、Th等亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素为特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得矿区3种岩石年龄分别为(103.5±0.4) Ma、(102.2±0.4) Ma、(103±0.4) Ma,锆石ε_Hf(t)值在-2.9~2.0,两阶段模式年龄(T_DM2)为1.04~1.35 Ga。矿石辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素测年获得等时线年龄为(105±2.5) Ma,说明成矿主要与燕山晚期花岗岩侵入有关。综合本次研究及相关区域资料,认为钟腾铜矿区的花岗岩为I型花岗岩,花岗岩及相关矿床形成于东南沿海地区110~90 Ma期间的古太平洋板块向西俯冲的大陆边缘背景。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定锰矿中主次成分技术应用研究

采用高频熔样机熔片分解试样、灼烧减量校正,X射线荧光光谱法测定锰矿中的TFe、Si O2、Al2O3、P、Ca O、Mg O、Mn、Na2O、K2O、Ba、Ti O2。方法精密度为0.003%0.133%(RSD,n=12)。准确度也满足地质实验管理规范要求,测试结果准确、可靠。     

澳大利亚中部Alice Spring红色表土磁学特征分析

炎热干旱的澳大利亚中部是现代正在形成红色地表的区域.围绕中部Alice Spring地区采集了一系列红色地表样品.这些红色样品按照岩性大致可以分为三类:砂土、沙丘砂和岩石.通过对这些样品详细的磁学测量,发现这三类样品存在明显磁学特征差异,红色砂土和沙丘砂样品磁化率较岩石样品高出许多(砂土和沙丘砂磁化率均值为93.82× 10-8m3/kg),红色岩石样品磁化率值最低(均值为23.2×10-8m3/kg);三者主要磁性矿物也不尽相同;磁颗粒均以超顺磁(SP)颗粒为主,而单畴(SD)颗粒含量少.研究区百分比频率磁化率xfd％均值为8.28％,较黄土高原西部表土(兰州为3.5％)高出许多.该区现代年降水量约300mm,比兰州(约330mm)还低,成土导致百分比频率磁化率增高却比兰州明显高出几倍.这可能反映了黄土高原表土频率磁化率增高与降水量密切相关;而在澳洲中部可能与持续高温成土条件和作用的时间存在更密切的关系.澳洲中部不论岩石还是表土均以红色为主.磁学实验表明,砂土和沙丘砂样品均以磁铁矿为主,三类样品普遍含一定量磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿的贡献,与地表红色外貌相符.说明澳洲红色地表过程很可能是黑色磁铁矿颗粒表面被长期氧化条件下形成的红色磁赤铁矿/赤铁矿所包裹的现象,使得澳洲中部广大地区岩石露头和地表沉积物,普遍形成一层红色染色层.     

Effects of climate change on annual streamflow using climate elasticity in Poyang Lake Basin, China

Hydrological processes depend directly on climate conditions [e.g., precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PE)] based on the water balance. This paper examines streamflow datasets at four hydrological stations and meteorological observations at 79 weather stations to reveal the streamflow changes and underlying drivers in four typical watersheds (Meigang, Saitang, Gaosha, and Xiashan) within Poyang Lake Basin from 1961 to 2000. Most of the less than 90th percentile of daily streamflow in each watershed increases significantly at different rates. As an important indicator of the seasonal changes in the streamflow, CT (the timing of the mass center of the streamflow) in each watershed shows a negligible change. The annual streamflow in each watershed increases at different rates, with a statistically significant trend (at the 5 % level) of 9.87 and 7.72 mm year^?1, respectively, in Meigang and Gaosha watersheds. Given the existence of interactions between precipitation and PE, the original climate elasticity of streamflow can not reflect the relationship of streamflow with precipitation and PE effectively. We modify this method and find the modified climate elasticity to be more accurate and reasonable using the correlation analysis. The analyses from the modified climate elasticity in the four watersheds show that a 10 % increase (decrease) in precipitation will increase (decrease) the annual streamflow by 14.1–16.3 %, while a 10 % increase (decrease) in PE will decrease (increase) the annual streamflow by ?10.2 to ?2.1 %. In addition, the modified climate elasticity is applied to estimate the contribution of annual precipitation and PE to the increasing annual streamflow in each watershed over the past 40 years. Our result suggests that the percentage attribution of the increasing precipitation is more than 59 % and the decreasing in PE is less than 41 %, indicating that the increasing precipitation is the major driving factor for the annual streamflow increase for each watershed.     

一种基于分割的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波

针对当前滤波算法在处理地形不连续区域或存在复杂建筑物区域时容易过分＂腐蚀＂地形并难以去除一些低矮植被的不足,提出了一种基于分割的机载LiDAR点云滤波算法。首先,对原始点云基于地表连续性进行分割;然后,在移除点数目较小的粗差点集之后采用对分割点集建立缓冲区的方法,区分地面和非地面点集;在较大地物经过迭代分割基本移除之后,使用约束平面的方法移除高度较小的地表附着物以实现滤波。实验结果表明,与经典滤波算法相比,该算法提高了地面点的分类精度,在滤除地物信息的同时能有效地保留地形特征。     

渭河流域一次致洪暴雨过程的中尺度滤波分析

利用常规高空观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的再分析资料以及25点低通滤波技术,对2003年8月28—29日发生在渭河流域的一次致洪暴雨进行了中尺度分析和探讨,分析出中尺度环流演变特征,总结了渭河流域致洪暴雨的概念模型,认为这次暴雨过程中在以西南气流为主的平均气流场上隐藏着尺度较中尺度平均流场小得多的涡旋,其移动方向和发展程度决定了强降水落区及其强度;高空西风风速脉动与低层南风风速脉动耦合形成了中尺度次级环流圈,其上升支为强降水提供了足够的动力抬升机制;而850 hPa低空急流、700 hPa中尺度低涡、南风脉动以及高空西风风速脉动等条件的合理配置是中尺度次级环流形成的必备因素;地面中尺度辐合线是本次暴雨的触发机制。     

陕西气象科技服务在公共气象服务中科学发展的战略思考

对流有效位能（CAPE）是强对流天气分析预报的重要参数。通过理论推导,提出了载水气块和非载水气块两种情况下对流有效位能的两个新的计算公式,便于业务应用;并讨论了对流有效位能的局地变化因子和预报思路。