Identifying separate impacts of climate and land use/cover change on hydrological processes in upper stream of Heihe River,Northwest China

Climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) are two factors that produce major impacts on hydrological processes. Understanding and quantifying their respective influence is of great importance for water resources management and socioeconomic activities as well as policy and planning for sustainable development. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated in upper stream of the Heihe River in Northwest China. The reliability of the SWAT model was corroborated in terms of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the correlation coefficient (R), and the relative bias error (BIAS). The findings proposed a new method employing statistical separation procedures using a physically based modeling system for identifying the individual impacts of climate change and LUCC on hydrology processes, in particular on the aspects of runoff and evapotranspiration (ET). The results confirmed that SWAT was a powerful and accurate model for diagnosis of a key challenge facing the Heihe River Basin. The model assessment metrics, NSE, R, and BIAS, in the data were 0.91%, 0.95%, and 1.14%, respectively, for the calibration period and 0.90%, 0.96%, and ?0.15%, respectively, for the validation period. An assessment of climate change possibility showed that precipitation, runoff, and air temperature exhibited upward trends with a rate of 15.7 mm, 6.1 mm, and 0.38 °C per decade for the 1980 to 2010 period, respectively. Evaluation of LUCC showed that the changes in growth of vegetation, including forestland, grassland, and the shrub area have increased gradually while the barren area has decreased. The integrated effects of LUCC and climate change increased runoff and ET values by 3.2% and 6.6% of the total runoff and ET, respectively. Climate change outweighed the impact of LUCC, thus showing respective increases in runoff and ET of about 107.3% and 81.2% of the total changes. The LUCC influence appeared to be modest by comparison and showed about ?7.3% and 18.8% changes relative to the totals, respectively. The increase in runoff caused by climate change factors is more than the offsetting decreases resulting from LUCC. The outcomes of this study show that the climate factors accounted for the notable effects more significantly than LUCC on hydrological processes in the upper stream of the Heihe River.     

无人机实时视频与三维地理场景融合

针对无人机视频巡查时无法获取视频要素与周围场景地理要素的空间关系等问题,本文提出了一种无人机实时视频与三维地理场景融合方法。该方法通过设置路线站点获取无人机实时巡查视频,利用高分辨率倾斜摄影模型构建三维地理场景,将视频在三维地理场景中投影,构建视频投影参数规范和无人机数据传输模型,实现无人机实时视频与三维地理场景融合展示;对无人机实景融合的应用流程进行设计,并通过具体案例进行试验验证。试验结果表明,无人机实景融合具有良好的表达效果,视频与三维地理场景融合度高且视频画面变形较小。该方法将无人机视频应用扩展至三维空间,为视频要素赋予了空间参考。     

基于3G和嵌入式GIS的土地移动执法监察系统

土地利用动态监管和违法用地查处是目前国土资源管理工作的重点.基于SOA架构,利用3G手机作为嵌人式GIS终端,以ArcGIS Ser-ver作为服务端地图发布工具,设计出土地移动执法监察系统,可轻便、高效地实现信息的实时动态采集和传输,以及巡查过程和结果的在线监控功能.     

A united deformation-strength framework for Lightweight Sand–EPS Beads Soil (LSES) under cyclic loading

As a new artificial geo-material, lightweight soil is an ideal countermeasure to solve many geotechnical problems in soft ground by reducing upper load, and Lightweight Sand–EPS Beads Soil (briefly as LSES) is a typical representative. Generally used as backfill, which may bear earthquake loading or traffic loading, the behaviors of LSES under dynamic loading are worth to pay much attention on, though there are few relative studies about this at present. Based on laboratory cyclic triaxial test data presented in this study, a united framework is tried to set up, in which deformation and strength of LSES can be integrated by failure cycle number N_f that corresponds to the complete degradation of LSES structure. This framework describes both the development process of cyclic deformation and dynamic failure criteria in the state as the structure cannot afford further tension. Meanwhile, cyclic stress–strain relationships and Modulus Reduction Curves for LSES with different mixture ratios are also discussed. All distinct behaviors of LSES are considered to arise from its bond-dominated structure, which controls the two types of modulus reduction characteristics and brittle failure of LSES under cyclic loading.     

末次冰期以来乌兰布和沙漠北缘的环境变迁

乌兰布和沙漠北部边缘是人类活动与环境变化相互作用较为典型的区域,对其形成和演化历史的恢复重建有助于认识和理解区域人地关系。本文基于遥感解译、野外调查和室内分析,对乌兰布和沙漠北缘（磴口以西地区）十多个湖相地层出露点（包括3个典型剖面）进行了较为详细的地貌、沉积和年代学研究,获得了研究区湖泊退却最后阶段的地层记录。测年结果表明研究区大部分在9.315~7.375ka B.P.（10.64~8.06cal.ka B.P.）的时限内退出湖泊环境,局部（可能为河汊或湖湾）湖相沉积可延续至全新世中晚期。沉积研究表明,所观察到的湖相地层大体形成于42cal.ka B.P.以来的河口环境,但河流过程和湖泊过程的相对强弱存在明显的时空分异。剖面下部（约42cal.ka B.P.以来）沉积物相对较粗,推移质占主导,斜层理局部可见,反映波浪作用对沉积物的搬运沉积具有主导作用,湖水相对较深,有利于动力较强的波浪的形成;剖面上部（大约在全新世以来）沉积物普遍变细,以悬移质沉积为主,最后阶段均沉积具水平层理的"红胶泥",软体动物大量繁衍,指示晚期湖泊近岸区域水动力条件弱、湖水浅、坡降小,沉积过程以静水堆积为主导。空间分异特征反映了河口环境河流冲积过程与湖泊滨岸过程在不同位置的作用程度不同,主要与三角洲平原上分流河道的规模和持续时间,以及堆积区水下地形特征及其与河口的相对距离有关。基于地层记录和沉积环境分析,结合前人资料,本文认为研究区湖泊由深变浅直至消亡的过程主要与晋陕峡谷溯源侵蚀引起的河套古湖出口下切有关。     

利用B/S架构的POI信息组织方法及可视化策略研究

分析了网络上构建兴趣点管理体系的现状,顾及语义要素对于不同尺度特征数据符号化的积极作用及结合超媒体模型信息链的组织特点,探讨了POI信息组织方案,并在充分考虑瓦片数据组织方式的特点及当前成熟Web技术综合表现能力的基础上,提出了一种基于纯B/S架构的POI可视化策略。以湖北省福利彩票网点管理系统为例进行了分析,证明该策略不仅能借助可视化的统计分析结果直观地提供辅助决策参考,且较强的平台移植性可服务于各类专题POI应用。     

基于孪生神经网络的土地利用现状年度变化检测

近年来,利用多期高分遥感影像,构建土地利用现状年度变化检测模型,并以此为基础支持土地利用现状年度变化检测的智能化发展,正是当前研究的难点所在.本文探讨了构建土地利用现状年度变化检测模型存在的问题.通过对土地资数据进行预处理,构建基于孪生神经网络的变化检测模型,以及对模型输出结果进行GIS优化获取目标区域的变化图斑,实现...     

深度学习网络支持下的农房侵占耕地自动化监测

近年来,违法占用耕地现象屡禁不止,如何利用人工智能等新一代信息技术,快速摸清农村乱占耕地建房底数,做到"早发现、早制止、严查处",是当前整治农村乱占耕地建房工作的研究难点之一。本文通过对高分辨率自然资源影像数据进行预处理,构建基于深度学习网络的自动化监测模型,应用模型进行预测并对输出结果进行GIS优化和空间叠加。试验结果表明,该方法可以快速监测出疑似侵占耕地的违法房屋,为坚守"耕地红线不突破"的底线提供了智能化技术选择,可服务于整治农村乱占耕地建房工作。     

物联GIS及其应用

物联网是当前的一个热点。本文具体阐述了物联网与空间信息技术之间相互交融的关系,从而提出“物联GIS”的概念。探讨了物联GIS的关键技术问题,主要包括复杂的空间关系和时空数据模型、海量空间数据管理与云计算、面向大众“人-物”公共信息共享平台。最后以数字矿山设备管控系统为例说明了物联GIS的具体应用,并对其前景进行了展望。     

基于LADM的三维地籍管理模型构建及应用

随着我国土地利用呈现立体化趋势,二维地籍管理模式已经难以反映垂直空间上土地的利用及权属状况,需要引入三维地籍管理模式。目前,我国学者提出的三维地籍模型没有考虑到权利人、权利和土地管理单元之间的联系。ISO/TC211提出的LADM从人地关系的基本点出发,由地籍主体、客体、土地权利构成核心的登记框架,该框架引入了LA_SpatialUnit这一核心类,该核心类覆盖了建筑物单元,网状设施等三维地籍形态,并分别建立了行政管理单元与空间单元。本文通过借鉴LADM的核心框架,提出了适合我国国情的三维地籍概念模型,并选取面元模型的构模方式,结合面向对象的思想构建空间单元的数据模型。在此基础上,设计了LADM的三维地籍管理模型,并开发原型系统验证其可行性,通过对房屋产权单元和地下宗地的管理实例,验证了该模型在我国三维地籍管理中是可行的。