Inpho交互式方位角定义在ADS影像生产中的应用与研究

目前,Inpho全数字摄影测量系统针对航空三线阵影像具有较为成熟的处理流程。但是随着摄区环境和飞行成本要求的不断提高,航线方向不再局限于坐标轴方向,斜飞模式逐渐增多。本文在Inpho系统DOM影像制作原理的基础上,对比研究交互式方位角定义在ADS影像生产中的普遍适用性,进一步优化Inpho系统针对ADS数据的解决方案。     

世界海洋油气资源与勘探模式概述

描述了全球海洋油气储量的总体情况、海洋油气资源的地域分布以及海洋油气产量的状况与增长趋势。简略阐述了海洋油气勘探的阶段划分、海洋地质调查、海洋地球化学勘探、海洋非地震地球物理勘探以及海洋地震勘探各方法的基本特点、关键技术和常用手段等。对海洋油气勘探的前景,尤其是深水区和天然气水合物的勘探前景作了展望。     

应用EUROSEM模型对三峡库区陡坡地水力侵蚀的模拟研究

三峡库区坡地资源被广泛利用,但水土保持措施没有被很好地利用。坡地,尤其是陡坡地是库区主要泥沙来源,因此,有效评估土壤侵蚀风险、预测径流和侵蚀速率以及选择合理的水土保持措施在该地区显得非常必要。EUROSEM模型是动态分布式模型,可以在单独地块或小流域中预测水力侵蚀强度,其特点比较适合库区土壤侵蚀预测预报。本研究以在三峡库区秭归县王家桥小流域水土保持试验站的标准径流小区的人工降雨资料为基础,应用EUROSEM模型模拟陡坡地中的侵蚀状况。模拟结果表明,EUROSEM对人工降雨中径流模拟效果较好,但对土壤流失的模拟效果相对较差,更精确地模拟库区陡坡地的土壤侵蚀状况则需要作进一步的研究     

Some theoretical problems of the planetary-scale monsoons

Summary Some important theoretical problems of the planetary-scale monsoons which have arisen from recent advances of observational studies are reviewed. These include: (1) the requirement of a strong damping mechanism in the planetary scale vorticity budget of summer monsoon and a similar but weaker requirement for the winter monsoon; (2) the localized barotropic instability of the summer monsoon which is a result of the strong zonal asymmetry of the planetary-scale flow and causes significant nonlinear energy conversions; and (3) the oscillations of the planetary-scale monsoons. It is pointed out that these problems are inter-related and their understanding is also important for the proper simulation of other scales of motion of the monsoon circulation.     

Some aspects of agroclimatology in Southeast Asia and New Guinea

Several aspects of energy budget and water balance problems in SE Asia and New Guinea are discussed and a new map showing the distribution of global radiation in SE Asia and New Guinea is presented. Potential evapotranspiration rates are calculated by the Penman equation and are compared with monthly rainfall to determine the length of the hydrological growing season. Potential rice yields are estimated based on a formula developed by the International Rice Research Institute. The extremely low maize yields of Asian humid tropics are explained by unfavorable climatic conditions, particularly high night temperature.The editor recommends to look in GeoJournal 3.2, 3.6, and 4.1 for further articles related to the present paper.     

库车坳陷古近系原型沉积盆地层序地层格架及沉积演化

基于库车坳陷大北—克深地区古近系原型沉积盆地地层沉积相精细研究结果,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为5个岩性段,苏维依组划分为3个岩性段。研究认为库姆格列木群砂砾岩段为扇三角洲沉积,膏泥岩段为局限泻湖沉积,白云岩段为局限泻湖—潮坪沉积,膏盐岩段为半局限泻湖—强蒸发膏盐湖沉积,泥岩段为滨浅湖沉积;按照层序地层学基本原理和五级层序划分方案对库车坳陷中东部古近系原型沉积盆地进行研究并建立了层序发育演化实体模型,研究认为该原型沉积盆地可以划分为两个二级超层序和3个三级层序,古近纪海侵是从大北—克深地区的河流下切谷开始的,3个三级层序均为海侵体系域和高位体系域旋回组合层序,海侵—高位体系域之间的转换界面发育最大或次级海泛面。     

陆相二叠系-三叠系界线研究进展

着重介绍了几个目前陆相二叠系—三叠系界线（TPTB）研究的重点剖面及其生物地层学研究进展；分析了陆相二叠系—三叠系界线综合地层学研究现状，包括生物地层学、事件地层学、同位素年代学、磁性地层学和层序地层学等；剖析了陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层学研究中存在的问题及进一步的研究方向。生物地层方面，陆相二叠系-三叠系界线附近存在晚二叠世与早三叠世生物混生的层位，其中不同类别生物的时间界线常不一致，又由于陆相界线地层中含脊椎动物化石的层位一般较少，以脊椎动物化石（Lystrosaurus）为标准的精确界线常不确定，因而需重新寻找并确定陆相三叠系底界的标准化石。事件地层标志可能会成为连结海、陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层高精度对比的纽带。     

贵州喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩表生古菌群落结构及多样性研究——以南江大峡谷为例

为了研究贵州喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩表生古菌群落结构的多样性,应用16S rDNA文库技术,对采集于贵州南江大峡谷的白云岩和石灰岩样品进行基因文库的构建和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。用限制性核酸内切酶MspⅠ对两个文库中分别随机挑选的300个阳性克隆子进行酶切分型,白云岩和石灰岩16S rDNA基因文库各得到14和13个基因型,其覆盖率分别为95.4%和91.3%,香农指数分别为2.14和1.93。系统发育分析表明白云岩和石灰岩表生古菌克隆子全部归属于泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota）,代表性克隆与GenBank数据库已有16S rRNA序列的相似性为96%～100%,且最高相似性序列均来源于土壤及岩石环境的未可培养古菌序列。      

基于多源数据约束的成矿动力学模拟——以宁芜盆地钟姑矿田典型矿床为例

数据驱动是大数据分析的特点之一。成矿过程的数值模拟即采用数据驱动方式,在基本的物理化学方程及地质模型基础上,通过定量的手段,模拟不同阶段、不同条件下成矿系统的演化过程,从而能够更深入、直观的讨论各种地质要素对成矿系统的影响,验证已有的成矿理论,获得新的认识。姑山铁矿床和杨庄铁矿床是宁芜火山岩盆地钟姑矿田内的典型矿床。前人研究显示,杨庄铁矿床为典型的充填-接触交代型热液矿床,而姑山铁矿床目前在成因上仍存在争议,存在岩浆成因和热液成因等多种观点。为了更好的对比和了解姑山铁矿床和杨庄铁矿床的成因及成矿过程,本文基于多源数据的综合解译剖面,采用力-热耦合数值模拟方法对与热液矿床密切相关的扩容空间的形成机制和特点开展研究。模拟结果显示,姑山铁矿床和杨庄铁矿床可能分属不同的成因类型;随着岩体的逐渐冷却,杨庄铁矿床内岩体和地层接触带会出现明显的扩容空间,可为成矿流体的汇聚及矿质的沉淀提供良好的条件,有利于热液矿床的形成;而姑山铁矿床内岩体和地层接触带只有局部区域出现扩容空间,同时体应变数值较小且形态变化大,并不利于大规模的流体汇聚及矿质的沉淀,姑山铁矿床可能主要为岩浆成因,并受少量热液的叠加改造。     

Contrast in life histories of exploited fishes and ecosystem structures in coastal waters off west Canada and east Korea

By reviewing the history of fishery exploitation in the coastal waters of west Canada and east Korea, related with contrasting life history strategies of the dominant species, the fishery management challenges that each country would face in the upcoming decades were outlined. In the ecosystem of the Canadian western coastal waters, the dominant oceanographic feature is the coastal upwelling domain off the west coast of Vancouver Island, the northernmost extent of the California Current System in the eastern North Pacific. In the marine ecosystem of the eastern coasts of Korea (the Japan/East Sea), a major oceanographic feature is the Tsushima Warm Current, a branch of the Kuroshio Current in the western North Pacific. Fishes in the Canadian ecosystem are dominated by demersal, long-lived species such as flatfish, rockfish, sablefish, and halibut. During summer, migratory pelagic species such as Pacific hake, Pacific salmon, and recently Pacific sardine, move into this area to feed. In the late 1970s, Canada declared jurisdiction for 200 miles from their coastline, and major fisheries species in Canadian waters have been managed with a quota system. The overall fishing intensity off the west coast of Vancouver Island has been relatively moderate compared to Korean waters. Fishes in the ecosystem of the eastern Korean waters are dominated by short-lived pelagic and demersal fish. Historically, Korea has shared marine resources in this area with neighbouring countries, but stock assessments and quotas have only recently (since the late-1990s) been implemented for some major species. In the Korean ecosystem, fisheries can be described as intensive, and many stocks have been rated as overfished. The two ecosystems responded differently to climate impacts such as regime shifts under different exploitation histories. In the future, both countries will face the challenge of global warming and subsequent impacts on ecosystems, necessitating developing adaptive fisheries management plans. The challenges will be contrasting for the two countries: Canada will need to conserve fish populations, while Korea will need to focus on rebuilding depleted fish populations.