新甘交界红柳河地区二叠纪玄武岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义

新甘交界红柳河地区二叠系剖面中发育有块状和枕状玄武岩,激光ArAr定年确定的玄武岩形成时间在280～300Ma之间;玄武岩SiO_2含量为44.71%～49.27%,Mg~#为42.4～52.4,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为0.703834～0.706819,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i为0.518861～0.5121220,ε_(Nd)(t)为-3.01～3.67。玄武岩微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd同位素均显示出与OIB性质相似的特征。其弱富集的不相容元素和轻稀土元素,显示出源区富集的特点。而Zr/Nb(14.63)和Th/U(2.83)则指示岩浆中可能有少量循环原始地幔和亏损地幔物质的加入。综合对比北山南部柳园地区二叠纪玄武岩源区特征,提出红柳河地区早二叠世OIB型玄武岩主要来源于北山地区晚古生代裂谷带下伏已被不同程度改造的富集地幔。     

盐胁迫对番茄同工酶基因表达的影响

分析了普通番茄（Lycopersicumesculentum）在NaCl胁迫下酯酶（EST）和过氧化物酶（PRX）同工酶的变化，考察了盐胁迫对10个同工酶位点21个等位基因在特定组织中表达的影响。发现许多EST和PRX等位基因在盐胁迫下表达，产生盐诱导同工酶；另有些等位基因的表达受盐抑制，它们在盐胁迫下的表达活性显著减弱或消失。实验表明，EST和PRX同工酶表达的变化与番茄对盐胁迫的遗传适应性有密切关系。     

Magnitude-frequency relationship of coastal sand delivery by a southern California stream

Coastal sand delivery by a stream in southern California is estimated based on a numerical model which stimulates unsteady flow, sediment transport, and the associated channel adjustments for a stream-delta system. An average annual sediment yield of 51,400 m³/yr is estimated for the San Dieguito River, which drains a semiarid watershed controlled by dams. Of the total sand delivery by the stream, 20.5 percent is contributed from floods greater than the 100-year flood; 17.6 percent from those between the 50- and 100-year events; 28.4 percent from those between the 25- and 50 year floods; and 33.5 percent from those smaller than the 25-year flood.     

Characteristics of Scour and Deposition in Front of Breakwaters Under Irregular Broken Clapotis

First the scour and deposition patterns of the sandy seabed in front of a vertical breakwater under the action of irregular broken clapotis are investigated experimentally and classified into five types: scour type Ⅰ , scour type Ⅱ, scour type Ⅲ, deposition type Ⅰ, and deposition type Ⅱ . Secondly, the processes of formation of scour and deposition patterns are probed in comparison with those induced by regular broken clapotis and standing waves. Thirdly, the criteria for distinguishing scour and deposition patterns under irregular broken clapotis are presented.     

Glaciomarine sedimentation and palaeo-glacial setting of Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica

High-resolution (3.5 kHz and multi-channel) seismic profiles and piston cores were collected from Maxwell Bay and its tributary embayment, Marian Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during the Korea Antarctic Research Program (1992/93 and 1995/96) to elucidate the glaciomarine sedimentation processes and recent glacial history of the area. Seismic data from Maxwell Bay reveal a rugged bay margin and flattened basin floor covered with well-stratified hemipelagic muds. On the base-of-slope, acoustically transparent debris flows occur, indicating downslope resedimentation of glaciomarine sediments. Despite the subpolar and ice-proximal settings of Marian Cove, the seafloor is highly rugged with a thin sediment drape, suggesting that much of the area has been recently eroded by glaciers. Sediment cores from the cove penetrated three distinct fining-upward lithofacies: (1) basal till in the lower part of the core, accumulated just seaward of the grounding line of the tidewater glacier; (2) interlaminated sand and mud in the middle part, deposited in ice-proximal zone by a combination of episodic subglacial meltwater inflow and iceberg dumping; and (3) pebbly mud in the upper part, deposited in ice-distal zone by both surface meltwater plume and ice-rafting from the glacier front. A reconstruction of the glacial history of these areas since the late glacial maximum shows an ice sheet filling Maxwell Bay in late Wisconsin time and grounding of the tidewater glacier in Marian Cove until about 1300 yr BP.     

养殖对虾病毒性疾病的细菌并发症防治研究

本文研究报道了发病对虾肝胰腺分离菌物敏感性，采用防台细菌人工感染方法进行药物饲料的筛选，在实验室及养殖池中进行药物饲料的防治效果试验。结果表明，在对虾病毒流行期间，采用药物饲料可有效防止对虾爆发性大量死亡，提高对虾存活率。     

Forearc structures and tectonics in the southern Peru—northern Chile Continental Margin

SeaMARC II side-scan images, bathymetry, and single-channel seismic reflection data along the southern Peru—northern Chile forearc area between 16° and 23° S reveal a complex region of morpho-structural, submarine drainage and depression patterns. In the subducting plate area, the NW—SE trending primary normal fault system represented by trench-paralleled scarps was incipiently formed as the Nazca Plate was bent in the outer edge and further intensified as the plate approached the trench. The NE—SW trending secondary normal fault system that consists of discontinuous and smaller faults, usually intersect the primary trench-paralleled fault system. Similar to the Nazca Plate, the overriding continental plate also shows two major NW—SE and NE—SW trending fault systems represented by fault scarps or narrow elongated depressions.The submarine drainage systems represented by a series of canyon and channel courses appear to be partly controlled by the faults and exhibit a pattern similar to the onshore drainage which flows into the central region of the coastal area. Two large depressions occurring along the middle—upper slope areas of the continental margin are recognized as collapse and slump that perhaps are a major result of increased slope gradient. The subsidence of the forearc area in the southern Peru—northern Chile Continental Margin is indicated by: a) drainage systems flowing into the central region, b) the slope collapse and slumps heading to the central region, c) the deepening of the trench and inclining of the lower slope terrace to the central region, and d) submerging of the upper-slope ridge and the Peru—Chile Coast Range off the Arica Bight area.The subsidence of the forearc area in the southern Perunorthern Chile margin is probably attributed to a subduction erosion which causes wearing away and removal of the rock and sedimentary masses of the overriding plate as the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American Plate.     

Reanalysis of the Atmospheric Flux of Nutrient Elements to the Southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

Based on the recent research results on dry and wet deposition of nutrient elements and sulphate,we estimate the atmospheric flux of nutrient elements and sulphate to the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in each season.The results suggest that the concentrations of nutrient elements and sulphate in aerosol and precipitation show an apparent seasonal cycle with the maximum values in winter and the minimum values in summer.Depositions of nitrate and sulphate are dominated by wet deposition,while the deposition for phosphate is mainly dry deposition.Moreover,compared with the riverine inputs,the atmospheric deposition may be the main source of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.     

西太平洋暖池SST变异对山东夏季降水的影响

西太平洋暖池展布于热带太平洋中、西部海域，其水温终年高于28℃(Wyrtki，1989；张启龙等，1997)。其最主要特征是水温高，热含量丰富。西太平洋暖池是全球大洋表面水温(SST)最高的海域，也是全球大气运动最主要的热源地和对流活动的最活跃区。暖池以热量和水汽形式将大部分能量释放给大气，从而影响大气环流系统。海-气耦合模式研究表明(Philander，1990)，暖池海域SST的变化，尤其是它处于高值时的微小变化会对大气环流演变产生十分显著的影响。近年来的一些研究结果也表明(黄荣辉等，1994；董敏等，1994)，暖池SST的异常会导致大气环流，尤其是西太平洋副热带高压的异常变化，进而影响东亚夏季降水。由此可见，暖池SST的变异对东亚乃至全球气候的异常及灾害的形成有着十分重要的作用。 山东位于我国东部，是旱涝灾害多发的省份之一。山东全年的降水量主要集中在夏季(6~8月)，其夏季降水量占全年降水量的60%以上。可见，夏季降水量的多寡对山东全年的天气变化和农业生产有重要影响。因此，开展山东夏季降水及其长期预测研究不仅具有重要的学术意义而且还有深远的现实意义。 近年来，许多学者已就西太平洋暖池热状态变异对我国东部地区汛期降水的影响进行了研究，并取得了一些颇有意义的成果(黄荣辉等，1994；翁学传等，1996)。然而，在以住的研究中，涉及西太平洋暖池对山东夏季降水影响的研究却很少，迄今尚未见专文报道。本文作者利用中国国家气候中心提供的1950~1998年间太平洋2°×2°经纬度格点月平均SST资料、1951~1998年间西太平洋副热带高压指数和1961~1999年间山东省气象台站的降水资料，研究了西太平洋暖池SST变异对山东夏季降水的影响，为山东夏季旱涝预测研究提供科学依据。     

青岛海陆风三维结构的数值模拟

本文采用 1个陡地形影响修正的三维中尺度流体静力的气象学模式 ,对青岛地区海陆风的日变化规律和三维结构进行了较细致的分析。结果显示 ,青岛有多支海陆风存在 ,且每支海陆风出现的时间、强度和向内陆伸展的距离有很大的不同。这其中沿岸山地的机械和热力作用扮演着重要的角色。在观测站 ,模拟结果和实测资料等方面有较好的一致性。