泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)重组铁蛋白富集锰铁后的磁学性质解析

利用埋栖性双壳类生物泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)重组铁蛋白富集锰铁的性质,在不同锰铁浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒,通过扫描电镜观察高、中和低三个浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的表面形貌,通过PPMS综合物性测量系统测定Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的磁学性质。结果显示,在低浓度(0.1mmol/L)锰铁制备的Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒粒径均一,分散性好;发现Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白的磁滞回线均表现为超顺磁性,且随着重组铁蛋白对锰铁富集量的增加,磁性强度随之增大,增加速率逐渐减小。通过本实验探索高、中和低三个浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的磁化强度变化规律,为Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的应用提供数据支持。     

An OSSE Study for Deep Argo Array using the GFDL Ensemble Coupled Data Assimilation System

An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) using an ensemble coupled data assimilation system was designed to investigate the impact of deep ocean Argo profile assimilation in a biased numerical climate system. Based on the modern Argo observational array and an artificial extension to full depth, “observations” drawn from one coupled general circulation model (CM2.0) were assimilated into another model (CM2.1). Our results showed that coupled data assimilation with simultaneous atmospheric and oceanic constraints plays a significant role in preventing deep ocean drift. However, the extension of the Argo array to full depth did not significantly improve the quality of the oceanic climate estimation within the bias magnitude in the twin experiment. Even in the “identical” twin experiment for the deep Argo array from the same model (CM2.1) with the assimilation model, no significant changes were shown in the deep ocean, such as in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the Antarctic bottom water cell. The small ensemble spread and corresponding weak constraints by the deep Argo profiles with medium spatial and temporal resolution may explain why the deep Argo profiles did not improve the deep ocean features in the assimilation system. Additional studies using different assimilation methods with improved spatial and temporal resolution of the deep Argo array are necessary in order to more thoroughly understand the impact of the deep Argo array on the assimilation system.     

区域地质环境复杂程度评价

宏观分析区域地质环境复杂程度能有效指导长距离线状工程规划选线、指导城镇规划选址。以往地质环境复杂程度评价主要针对小区域,其评价方案在应用于大区域时受到一定限制。本文总结提出了区域地质环境复杂程度评价的指导性原则,针对地学研究中长期存在的地层岩性复杂程度难以量化的特点,引入信息熵的概念,利用"地层岩性信息熵"实现了复杂程度的量化评价。以四川为例,选取地形地貌、地层岩性、冻土、断裂构造、区域稳定性、气象等6类10项指标,利用AHP法计算指标权重,基于GIS平台对境内地质环境复杂程度进行分析。研究方法对区域地质环境评价具有参考价值,成果可为四川境内长距离线状工程规划提供参考。     

苏里格气田东二区气水分布及产水控制因素分析

针对低孔、低渗的致密砂岩气藏高效持续开发急需解决的气水分布及产水控制因素问题,通过苏里格气田东二区气藏地质和生产动态资料的综合分析,得出以下主要认识：地质构造和生烃强度控制本区气水分布的宏观格局,高产气井绝大多数发育在近烃源岩的低洼部位或微幅构造上;储层物性参数对气水分布起着关键的控制作用,物性好的砂体毛细管阻力小,天然气更易于驱替储集条件好的砂岩储层中的地层水形成气层,研究区气层孔隙度介于7%~14%之间,渗透率为（0.50~2.00）×10^-3 μm²;泥岩隔层等因素造成气水分布的复杂化,随着下伏山1段泥岩隔层厚度的增大,对应区域盒8段日产气量减小,日产水量增加;致密砂岩气藏产能受开发方式的影响很大,在气藏合理配产过程中,需要考虑压敏及速敏效应的影响：投产时间越长、配产及生产压差越大,气井出水速率越快,出水量越大。采用水平井开发,可增加气井的泄流面积、减小生产压差、提高产能、降低水气比,可以实现延长无水或低水采气期,从而提高采收率。     

Characteristics and Ecosystem Changes of Marine Algal Communities in Wangdol-cho on the East Coast of Korea

Ocean Science Journal - This study sought to examine the characteristics and patterns of marine algae community changes in Wangdol-cho in order to establish a theoretical basis for the development...     

优选小波函数的小波神经网络预报GPS卫星钟差

为了提高卫星钟差预报的精度,针对小波神经网络(WNN)模型未能根据实际情况选取合适的小波函数的问题,本文提出一种基于"Shannon熵-能量比"的优选小波函数的小波神经网络钟差预报模型。首先利用小波函数对钟差一次差分数据进行连续小波变换,得到变换后的小波系数。然后分别计算小波系数的能量值和Shannon熵值,将"Shannon熵-能量比"(SEE)作为最优小波函数选择的评价指标,以指导选择最适合的小波函数作为WNN模型的激活函数。最后利用优选的WNN模型对卫星钟差进行预报,对预报的结果进行对比分析。结果表明:该评价指标能够根据卫星钟差实际情况准确指导WNN模型选择合适的小波函数,提高WNN模型的预报精度和适用性,使该模型可以实现卫星钟差较高精度的预报。     

河流水情要素遥感研究进展

河流是促进地貌形成和演化的重要因素,也是地球上最重要的淡水资源之一。河流的水体范围、水位/水深、流量、水质和冰情等水情要素在水资源动态监测和水文生态环境保护等研究中具有至关重要的作用。通过水文站观测河流可获得站点上的水情信息,但该方式在财力、物力方面均耗费巨大。同时,对于日益增长的河流水情信息需求,迫切需要一种能够快捷、准确补充河流实测数据的方法。遥感凭借全方位、多时相的对地观测能力极大地提升了河流水情信息获取的效率,已广泛应用于多尺度水情监测、无资料流域水文模拟等多个方面,取得了丰硕的研究成果。因此,有必要对近年来遥感应用于河流水情要素反演所取得的进展进行归纳、总结和展望,以期进一步促进遥感数据和方法在该领域的应用。论文以“河流水情要素遥感”为主题,系统归纳了河流水体遥感提取的常用传感器及方法、水位/水深遥感反演方法、河道流量遥感估算、河流水质及河冰遥感监测的研究进展,详细归纳了利用光学/微波遥感等不同类型的遥感手段获取河流水体范围、水位、水深的优势与不足,总结得出了河流水情要素遥感研究的数据、方法及应用方面的主要结论：① 新型遥感数据在河流水情要素监测中的应用愈加广泛,在空间分辨率、时间分辨率或光谱分辨率等方面不断突破,进一步丰富了河流水情要素研究的数据来源;② 多数中低空间分辨率光学影像依旧面临混合像元影响水体提取精度的问题,合成孔径雷达影像也存在数据处理算法开发难度大的问题,细小河流及非开阔水体的提取方法仍需探索;③ 大数据和云计算技术的发展为实现大尺度、长时序的河流水情要素高时空分辨率遥感监测提供了高效手段。     

从对地观测到对人观测——浅析社会地理计算

It is possible to obtain vast amounts of spatiotemporal data related to human activities to support the study of human behavior and social evolution.In this context,geography,with the human-nature relationship as its core,is undergoing a transition from strictly earth observations to the observation of human activities.Geocomputation for social science is one manifestation thereof.Geocomputation for social science is an interdisciplinary approach combining remote sensing techniques,social science,and big data computation.Driven by the availability of spatially and temporally expansive big data,geocomputation for social science uses spatiotemporal statistical analyses to detect and analyze the interactions between human behavior,the natural environment,and social activities;Remote sensing(RS)observations are used as primary data.Geocomputation for social science can be used to investigate major social issues and to assess the impact of major natural and societal events,and will surely be an area of focused development in geography in the near future.We briefly review the background of geocomputation in the social sciences,discuss its definition and disciplinary characteristics,and highlight the main research foci.Several key technologies and applications are also illustrated with relevant case studies of the Syrian Civil War,typhoon transits,and traffic patterns.     

Assessing spatial and temporal variability in water consumption and the maintainability oasis maximum area in an oasis region of Northwestern China

Water consumption is a key role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of water management in arid environments.In this study, we explored an approach based on meta-analysis, MODIS NDVI products, land-use spatial distribution, and soil water physical parameters to gain insight into long-term and large scale distribution of land use and water consumption, maintain maximum Zhangye Oasis area according to Heihe River runoff, and suitable water resource management in Zhangye Oasis. This approach was initiated in order to improve the efficiency of irrigation and water resource management in arid regions. Results showed that Heihe River runoff can maintain a maximum Zhangye Oasis area of 22.49×10~4 hm~2.During the 2000-2016 growing seasons, actual oasis water consumption ranged from 11.35×10~8 m~3 to 13.73×10~8 m~3, with a mean of(12.89 ± 0.60)×10~8 m~3; if maintaining agricultural production and oasis stability was chosen, oasis water consumption ranged from 10.24×10~8 m~3 to 12.37×10~8 m~3, with a mean of(11.62 ± 0.53)×10~8 m~3. From the perspective of water resources management and ecosystem stability, it is necessary to reduce the area of Zhangye Oasis or choose the minimum water consumption method to manage the oasis, to ease the pressure of water shortage and maintain stable and sustainable development of the Zhangye Oasis. These results can provide future practical guidance for water resource management of coordinated development of the economy and the environment in an arid area.     

A review of the interaction between the cryosphere and atmosphere

The interaction between the cryosphere and atmosphere is an essential and extremely sensitive mutual action process on the earth. Due to global warming and the cryospheric melting, more and more attention has been paid to the interaction process between the cryosphere and atmosphere, especially the feedback of the cryosphere change to the atmosphere. A comprehensive review of the studies on the interaction between the cryosphere and atmosphere is conducted from two aspects: (1) effects of climate change on the cryosphere or responses of the cryosphere to climate change; and (2) feedback of the cryosphere change to the climate. The response of the cryosphere to climate change is lagging. Such a lagging and cumulative effect of temperature rise within the cryosphere have resulted in a rapid change in the cryosphere in the 21st century, and its impacts have become more significant. The feedback from cryosphere change on the climate are omnifarious. Among them, the effects of sea ice loss and snow cover change, especially the Arctic sea ice loss and the Northern Hemisphere snow cover change, are the most prominent. The Arctic amplification (AA) associated with sea ice feedback is disturbing , and the feedback generated by the effect of temperature rise on snow properties in the Northern Hemisphere is also of great concern. There are growing evidence of the impact of the Arctic cryosphere melting on mid-latitude weather and climate. Weakened storm troughs, steered jet stream and amplified planetary waves associated with energy propagation become the key to explaining the links between Arctic cryosphere change and atmospheric circulation. There is still a great deal of uncertainty about how cryosphere change affects the weather and climate through different atmospheric circulation processes at different spatial and temporal scales due to observation and simulation problems.