南海北部沉积物特征及其对珠江演变的响应

采用沉积地球化学、沉积物矿物成分分析等手段研究发现,自渐新世以来,南海北部沉积物成分具有阶段性改变的特征.在早渐新世,沉积物反映出其母岩以花岗岩和区域变质岩为主;到晚渐新世,母岩中区域变质岩类型消失,而以花岗岩、沉积岩和接触变质岩为特征;进入中新世,沉积物主要反映出碳酸盐岩等沉积岩为主的源区特点.这种沉积物成分演变特征与南海北部盆地基底及珠江流域不同区域物质组成特征极为一致,反映出珠江流域演化与南海北部沉积充填之间的对应关系.因此,通过这种研究方法,可以更好地理解32Ma以来南海北部沉积物成分发生改变的原因.同时,可以通过对比南海北部古珠江来源沉积物各时期的成分特点,建立珠江流域的侵蚀-搬运-沉积过程,探讨珠江流域演化历史.     

Rock skeleton models and seismic porosity inversion

By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite different from each other, resuling in different seismic porosity inversion equations, potentially leading to difficulties in correctly applying them and evaluating their results. In response to this, a uniform relation with two adjusting parameters suitable for all rock skeleton models is established from an analysis and comparison of various conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions including the Eshelby-Walsh, Pride, Geertsma, Nur, Keys-Xu, and Krief models. By giving the two adjusting parameters specific values, different rock skeleton models with specific physical characteristics can be generated. This allows us to select the most appropriate rock skeleton model based on geological and geophysical conditions, and to develop more wise seismic porosity inversion. As an example of using this method for hydrocarbon prediction and fluid identification, we apply this improved porosity inversion, associated with rock physical data and well log data, to the ZJ basin. Research shows that the existence of an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir is dependent on a moderate porosity range, which means we can use the results of seismic porosity inversion to identify oil reservoirs and dry or water-saturated reservoirs. The seismic inversion results are closely correspond to well log porosity curves in the ZJ area, indicating that the uniform relations and inversion methods proposed in this paper are reliable and effective.     

Joint observation results of Na layer and ionosphere in Wuhan during the Total Solar Eclipse

During the total solar eclipse on July 22, 2009 in Wuhan, the joint observation test of Na layer and ionosphere was conducted by using the daytime observation atmospheric lidar and the GPS ionosphere detector. The results show that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Na layer density slightly narrowed during the total solar eclipse and broadened after the eclipse, while the height of Na peak slightly decreased in the eclipse and increased after the eclipse. These implying that Na layer changes reflect the rapid process of sunrise and sunset. The ionosphere total electron content (TEC) and the sky background light noise also presented an obvious fluctuation characteristic with the changes of solar irradiation during the process of total solar eclipse. The difference lies in that the changes of FWHM of Na layer atoms are much slower than that of ionosphere, the reason for this might be that the Na layer, after being disturbed by the total solar eclipse, will generate a series of complicated photochemical reactions and momentum transport processes, and then recombine the Na atoms. The Na atoms to be detected by the lidar need a lag process, which rightly conforms to the theoretical simulated results.     

荒漠绿洲区间作和密植对作物产量和水分利用效率的影响

针对间作种植模式下密植潜力薄弱、水资源不足、生产实践中难以同步提高产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的问题,在河西荒漠绿洲区通过大田试验研究了4个(5.25、6.00、6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)玉米密度水平下玉米间作豌豆群体的产量和水分利用效率,以期为构建禾豆间作在密植条件下的高效节水技术提供理论依据。结果表明:玉米间作豌豆的土地当量比(LER)平均达到1.16,且LER随玉米密度的增大而增大。单位面积间作玉米的产量平均达到了相应单作的74.87%;随玉米密度的增大,作物产量的最大值均出现在高密度(6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)处理中。间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量平均低于单作玉米1.60%,但平均高于单作豌豆6.70%;两年内单作玉米和间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量均在高密度(7.50万株·hm^-2)处理时最大。由于土壤贮水量、降雨量、灌水等诸多因素的影响,间作较单作增加了耗水量(ET),上述间作的ET比单作高19.23%~23.66%。与单作WUE加权平均相比较,间作的WUE分别高于单作11.08%、13.32%、18.86%和28.06%;不同玉米密度处理中,密度3(6.75万株·hm^-2)的WUE表现出了优势。因此,在河西荒漠绿洲区,同步提高作物产量和水分利用效率的有效措施之一是间作和密植条件。     

��BP�����缼��̽���봨����ǰ�����NmF2�쳣�Ŷ�

????UCAR??????????F2???????????????NmF2??????????????缼???????????????NmF2???????????DOY???????LT??????LON??γ??LAT??F10.7????????FLUX???????????NmF2???????????????????NmF2????????ο????????????????????????????2008??5??12????7.9??????????и??????NmF2???????6??4??6??8?????С?30%???????3??2??9??10????????????40%??     

���ڲ�ֵ��ѹ��GPS���ݴ����ɽ�ˮ���о�

????GPS?????????????(PWV)??????????????????????????SA????????????????GPS???????????????????GPS????????????????????????θ???????????????ù??????????????????????????С??100 m???????????????????μ????????????Saastamoinen?????????????????????????????????IGS???BJFS??KUNM??LHAZ??TWTF??????????????????????????????????GPS PWV????????????????????RS PWV?????ж???????????????????????????θ???????????????????GPS PWV??RS PWV??????????????1~3 mm?????????????????????????????????GPS????PWV??     

���ֲ�ֵ�����ڹ����ϼ�����DEM�еıȽ�

???????????????????????????????????????б??????????t??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????DEM??     

环渤海地区1961—2010年太阳总辐射时空变化特征

根据1961—2010年环渤海地区4个辐射站太阳总辐射资料和56个台站日照百分率资料,研究了该地区太阳总辐射的时空分布及变化特征。同时利用1991—2010年太阳总辐射数据初步分析了环渤海地区太阳能资源潜力。结果表明：年内太阳辐射呈单峰型,5月最高,4—8月是太阳能资源最丰富的时期;1961—2010年太阳总辐射在1990年之前呈显著下降,之后没有明显变化趋势;太阳总辐射趋势变化在环渤海地区有明显的空间差异,下降幅度最大的集中于京津塘周边地区以及山东中南部地区;四季总辐射均呈显著下降趋势,其中春、夏两季降幅略高,秋、冬两季降幅略低;1991—2010年环渤海地区太阳总辐射呈西北部高,向东、南方向递减的分布特征。     

����������С���˶��溯������������شų�ģ���о�

?????溯????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????У??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????У?????????????С????????ж???????Ч????С?????????????????????????????????????????С??????????溯?????????????????????????????????????????     

南极Amanda湾帝企鹅卵的生态生物学及与其它南极海鸟卵的比较

对南极Amanda湾帝企鹅的卵进行了生态生物学观测与相应的统计分析。结果显示,帝企鹅卵为典型的卵形卵,平均长、短径分别为121.3mm和83.8mm;平均卵容量409.3ml(322.6-506.4ml),卵的平均壳厚为1.11mm(0.94-1.23mm)。帝企鹅和南方巨鹱、白眉企鹅以及灰贼鸥等南极海鸟的卵相比较,卵的形态大小与容量成正比,同时,容量较大的卵具有较厚的卵壳,以增强对卵的保护。这些海鸟卵的生态生物学特征,包括保护色的有无、卵容量的大小,以及卵壳厚度等特征参数,是这些海鸟种的明显特征,并与亲鸟在繁殖期的窝卵数以及孵化习性相协调,以达到对南极环境的适应与生存。