OFDM载波通讯系统在煤层气测井中的应用

测井系统因带宽、调制技术及模拟传输等技术问题,数据传输速率慢且误码率高,难以满足煤层气测井的传输要求,为此设计了基于正交频分复用调制(OFDM)技术的测井电缆高速数据传输系统。该系统采用MAX2991/MAX2992芯片组实现了地面与井下调制解调器的全数字传输,在3~100kHz带宽、BPSK子载波条件下,5km四芯电缆传输速率可达到100Kbit,且误码率小于10-8。该系统在煤层气固井质量检测应用中,有效解决了原模拟系统中存在的全波列信号衰减大、易受干扰等问题,保证了全波列信号的无失真采集和传输,提高了对水泥环胶结质量评价的准确性。     

东天山黄土坡铜锌矿床成矿流体的氦-氩同位素示踪

黄土坡铜锌矿床是东天山卡拉塔格地区一中型海相火山岩型块状硫化物（VHMS）矿床,赋存于早志留世海相火山-沉积岩系中。矿体产于酸性火山角砾岩与凝灰岩之间,主矿体呈厚大的扁豆状,矿石主要呈块状、浸染状、条带状和网脉状构造。本文报道了黄土坡铜锌矿床成矿流体的氦和氩同位素组成,黄铁矿流体包裹体的³He 含量低,介于0.039×10^-12 cm³ STP/g～0.64×10^-12 cm³ STP/g,n（³He）/n（⁴He）值为 0.11～0.94 Ra,介于壳源He与幔源He之间。⁴⁰Ar 含量变化于 3.49×10^-8cm³ STP/g～34.25×10^-8 cm³ STP/g 之间,n（⁴⁰Ar）/n（³⁶Ar）介于301.40～425.98 之间。成矿流体中有幔源 He（1.71%～10.97%）和放射性成因 Ar（⁴⁰Ar*含量为1.96%～30.63%）。结合矿床包裹体及 H-O-S 同位素特征,认为幔源流体和富放射性成因He 和Ar 的海水参与了成矿。     

地下空间激光扫描点云精度对比分析

利用4种激光扫描设备对地下空间扫描,针对获得的点云数据,用全站仪测量研究区内特征点三维坐标,统一点云空间参考;并从点云数据中获取特征点坐标,与测量的三维坐标对比分析。结果显示：推扫式激光扫描设备比架站式精度略低,最弱方向中误差为0.128 m,而架站式为0.039 m;用推扫式激光扫描设备对地下空间进行测量,能满足1∶500数字线划图的测量精度要求。     

柴达木盆地涩北二号生物气田砂体产能分类评价

从柴达木盆地涩北二号气田砂泥薄互层滩坝相高孔-中低渗细粒储层特征出发,以气层产能为评价目标,在分析其内涵的基础上,选取孔隙度、渗透率、含气饱和度、有效厚度和泥质体积分数5个地质参数,厘清各参数的影响方式,并建立层次结构模型;以单砂体为基本单元,将消除生产压差影响的"视无阻流量"作为比较参数,采用相关分析结合层次分析法确定参数权重;结合现场生产实际从产能角度将气层分为3类。结果表明:气层分布特征与实际气井产能趋势吻合较好,气层产能分布不但受控于含气丰度、储层条件及原始地层压力,同时也受隔层质量及构造位置的影响。纵向上,由深至浅各气层组的气层数量逐渐增多,但高产能级别气层比例逐渐降低;气层组内部普遍具有气层下少上多,气层产能级别下高上低的特征。平面上,高产能级别气层较多分布在构造高部位即含气面中央部位,向构造边部逐渐过渡为低产能级别气层。通过评价气层产能潜力,可全面了解气层产能分布状况,便于优化调整部署方案。     

基于神经网络的邵东县城及周边地区典型石膏矿采空区稳定性评价

针对邵东县城及周边地区石膏矿采空区地面变形频发,选取8个典型矿山,运用基于神经网络的石膏矿采空区稳定性评价方法,建立以覆盖层情况、顶板情况、地质构造复杂程度、矿层倾角、开采深度、开采厚度、矿柱留设情况等7个指标为参数的采空区稳定性评价神经网络模型,对矿山进行采空区稳定性评价,根据评价结果提出了相应的防治建议。评价结果与现场实际情况吻合较好,表明该评价方法可推广应用于类似的石膏矿采空区稳定性评价。     

厦门湾上屿附近海域初级生产力及相关要素的时间系列

1996年9－10月在厦门湾上屿附近近海域定点站连续6个航次测定了初级生产力和其它水文、化学和生物学要素,在较短的时间尺度内研究了初级生产力及相关要素的时间变异特征,初级生产力,叶绿素a,颗粒有机碳（POC）,总悬浮颗粒物（TSM）和营养盐等要素随时间的变化表明了沿岩水域海洋过程发生的短暂性和沿岸水体中颗粒物质来源的复杂性。     

地磁场时空变量统一拟合法在判定强震危险区中的应用研究

用华北地区十二个地磁台资料,用时空变量统一拟合法,得到地磁场理论模型。然后消去时,空两方面的正常背景,利用剩余场来探寻地震的中长期前兆,密集等值线分布与应力方向和构造单元的走向是大体一致的,这说明利用地磁场来监视应力的积累过程也许是可能的,最后,给出了未来１－３年强震危险区初步的预报意见。     

Seismic passive resistance with vertical seepage and surcharge

Present paper focuses on the computation of the seismic passive earth pressure acting on a vertical rigid retaining wall by a soil mass subjected to vertical steady-state seepage and a uniform surcharge load. Based on the basic assumptions of Coulomb's theory and a pseudo-static method of analysis, a general solution for the passive earth pressure containing two coefficients is presented. In the solution, many parameters, such as unit weight of saturated soil, soil effective internal friction angle, soil/wall friction angle, water/soil unit weight ratio, surcharge intensity coefficient, horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients, Poisson's ratio of soil mass, hydraulic gradient, and coefficients of pore water pressure, are considered. The effects of hydraulic gradient and seismic forces on passive earth pressure coefficient and passive earth pressure distribution are investigated. The results indicate that passive earth pressure increases with increasing hydraulic gradient for downward water flow case, but decreases for upward water flow case, and that the presence of seismic forces induces a reduction in passive earth pressure.     

The interannual variabilities of chlorophyll and nutrients in San Francisco Bay: a modeling study

Ocean Dynamics - San Francisco Bay (SFB) is a complex ecosystem that has been heavily impacted by human activities. It has experienced strong year-to-year variations in physical, chemical, and...     

Bioremediation Management Reduces Mass Discharge at a Chlorinated DNAPL Site

Adaptive site management and aggressive bioremediation in the source zone of a complex chlorinated dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) site reduced total chlorinated hydrocarbon mass discharge by nearly 80%. Successful anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons can be impaired by inadequate concentrations of electron donors, competing electron acceptors, specific inhibitors such as chloroform, and potentially by high contaminant concentrations associated with residual DNAPL. At the study site, the fractured bedrock aquifer was impacted by a mixture of chlorinated solvents and associated daughter products. Concentrations of 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2‐TeCA), 1,1,2‐trichloroethane (1,1,2‐TCA), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA) were on the order of 100 to 1000 mg/L. Chloroform was present as a co‐contaminant and background sulfate concentrations were approximately 400 mg/L. Following propylene glycol injections, concentrations of organohalide‐respiring bacteria including Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas spp. increased by two to three orders of magnitude across most of the source area. Statistical analysis indicated that reaching volatile fatty acid concentrations greater than 1000 mg/L and depleting sulfate to concentrations less than 50 mg/L were required to achieve a Dehalococcoides concentration greater than the 10⁴ cells/mL recommended for generally effective reductive dechlorination. In a limited area, chloroform concentrations greater than 5 mg/L inhibited growth of Dehalococcoides populations despite the availability of electron donor and otherwise appropriate geochemical conditions. After implementing a groundwater recirculation system targeting the inhibited area, chloroform concentrations decreased permitting significant increases in concentrations of Dehalococcoides and vinyl chloride reductase gene copies.